HIV/Aids Care and Counselling 100% GRADE A+ SOLUTIONS

Nomsa lives with her four children, her brother and her mother in a small house in a rural area of KwaZulu-Natal. Nomsa's brother has Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or Aids. This means that.... (1) He has acquired the disease from his sister due to their deficient living conditions. (2) He inherited the infection from his mother, just like his sister and her baby did. (3) He has acquired the disease from green monkeys in central Africa. (4) His infection is caused by an organism from outside the body that attacked his immune system and rendered it deficient. answer: 4) His infection is caused by an organism from outside the body that attacked his immune system and rendered it deficient How would you explain to Nomsa's brother what is meant by immune deficiency? (1) The HI virus in your body is immune to any deficiencies caused by the syndrome. (2) Your immune system can no longer protect your body against infections from outside. (3) The HI virus is deficient because it is a retrovirus. (4) Your immune system is so deficient that it can only produce new viruses. answer: (2) Your immune system can no longer protect your body against infections from outside. The reason why HIV - the virus that causes Aids - is so dangerous to human beings is because HIV 'hijacks' the most important cells in the immune system, namely the (a) ____, and 'forces' them to (b) ____. (1) (a) CD4+ T cells (b) manufacture more HI viruses (2) (a) macrophages (b) kill all other invading organisms (3) (a) CD4+ T cells (b) change the viral DNA to viral RNA (4) (a) macrophages (b) stop initiating their chemical reactions which kills viruses answer: (1) (a) CD4+ T cells (b) manufacture more HI viruses Statistically, more women than men are infected with HIV in Africa. Why are women more vulnerable to HIV infection than men? Statistically, more women than men are infected with HIV in Africa. Why are women more vulnerable to HIV infection than men? (a) In general women's living conditions are very poor and deprived, while men usually have enough money to live comfortably. (b) Women, as the recipients of semen, are exposed to the sexual fluids of their partner(s) for a longer time than men. (c) Men have stronger immune systems than women. Therefore women are also more vulnerable to HIV infection than men. (d) The area or surface that is exposed to the partner's secretions during sexual intercourse is larger in the case of women than in men. The correct answer is: (1) (a) & (c) (2) (a), (b) & (d) (3) (b) & (d) (4) (b), (c) & (d) answer: (3) (b) & (d) A person's risk of HIV infection is increased when he or she (a) Lives in the same house as a person who has Aids. (b) Is also infected with other sexually transmitted infections. (c) Has a partner who frequently has unprotected sex. (d) Is in constant contact with tuberculosis in the home. The correct answer is: (1) (c) (2) (b) & (c) (3) (a) & (d) (4) (a), (b), (c) & (d) answer: (2) (b) & (c) Why are people with STIs (sexually transmitted infections) particularly vulnerable to HIV infection? (1) STIs, especially genital ulcers, make it easier for the HI virus to enter the body. (2) HIV positive people are so promiscuous that they also spread STIs. (3) The CD4+ T cells, which are turned into 'virus factories', occur only in the cells surrounding the genitalia. (4) People with STIs have very low antibody counts and this opens the 'gates of the immune system' for all kinds of opportunistic diseases such as HIV, to attack them. answer: (1) STIs, especially genital ulcers, make it easier for the HI virus to enter the body. Petra is HIV positive and the latest test results have revealed that her baby has the virus too. How do you think Petra's baby got infected? (1) Petra's baby definitely got infected during pregnancy, because the virus can pass through the placenta from the mother to the baby. (2) Petra's baby definitely got infected during childbirth because there is always blood involved during birth. (3) The baby definitely got infected through breastfeeding because Petra breastfed the baby and it is a known way for the virus to spread. (4) It is difficult to say how Petra's baby got infected, because it could have been during pregnancy, during childbirth or through breastfeeding. answer: (4) It is difficult to say how Petra's baby got infected, because it could have been during pregnancy, during childbirth or through breastfeeding. Petra decides to bottle feed her baby with formula milk. If you are the registered nurse you would... (1) Give Petra six tins of baby milk powder and instruct her to read the instructions on the tin before she prepares it. (2) Refuse to give her the milk powder because you strongly believe that all mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least two years. (3) Show Petra how to prepare the milk by mixing the correct amount of powder in a clean bottle with clean, boiled and cooled water. (4) Explain to Petra how to prepare the milk by using less milk powder than recommended so that there is enough milk left for her sick brother to boost his immune system. answer: 3) Show Petra how to prepare the milk by mixing the correct amount of powder in a clean bottle with clean, boiled and cooled water. HIV-infected people are considered to be most infectious soon after becoming infected with the virus, and again when the symptoms of full-blown Aids appear, because... (1) Sera-conversion has taken place. (2) People in these phases often do not know that they are infected. (3) The viral load in the infected person's blood is very high during these phases. (4) The CD4+ T cells are depleted during these phases and cannot protect the infected person. CONTINUED......