DAANCE STUDY QUESTIONS With Verified Answers

DAANCE STUDY QUESTIONS With Verified Answers What consists of the upper airway? - answerNose/nasal passages, sinuses, pharynx What consists of the lower airway? - answerLarynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, pulmonary alveoli What is the most severe type of allergic reaction? - answerImmediate hypersensitivity response that involves antigen-antibody reactions (IgE) What is the largest gland in the body? - answerLiver What age group of patients will hypoxia occur much more rapidly in? Bradycardia is a sign relating to hypoxia - answerPediatric patients What does HIPAA stand for? - answerHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) A decrease in blood flow in the coronary arteries? Can temporarily or permanently damage the heart muscle by decreasing O2 available to the muscle cells? - answerIschemia If a cardiac patient just had stent placement, how long are they required to be on antiplatelet drugs? What are the 2 drugs they usually do together? - answer1 year- Plavix & Aspirin Type of infection that can further damage heart valves or cause systemic infections? Requires antibiotic prophylaxis - answerSubacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) aka infectious endocarditis Atrial depolarization (contraction) - answerP wave Ventricular depolarization - answerQRS complex Ventricular repolarization (relaxation) - answerT wave Type of disease due to excessive secretion of corticosteroid due to a presence of a tumor or from administration of high doses of corticosteriod drugs (ex: Prednisone) - answerCushing's disease Chronic long-term hypothyroidism, most commonly seen in older adults (elderly women) who have had a stroke or stopped taking their thyroid medication - answerMyxedema Most severe complication of hyperthyroidism from an OMS perspective - answerThyroid crisis Untreated __________ are at an increased risk for outpatient anesthesia and tend to be sensitive to epinephrine in a local anesthetic - answerHyperthyroidism Insulin-dependent - answerDiabetes Type 1 Non-insulin dependent - answerDiabetes Type 2 Elevated level of several liver enzymes and bilirubin is often termed? - answerElevated LFTs (Liver function tests) What gender is Propofol more rapidly redistributed in and require 10-15% larger dose? - answerWomen What age group would Propofol redistribute very rapidly, and require at least 50% increase in drug dose? - answerChildren What is a complication of N2O rapidly moving from blood to alveoli of lungs, and displaces other gases, including O2 - answerDiffusion hypoxia Patient is not aroused, even during painful stimulation. Required airway intervention & cardiovascular function is impaired - answerGeneral anesthesia Can't be easily aroused, purposeful response to pain, and requires airway assistance - answerDeep sedation/analgesia Response to verbal or light tactile touch with no compromise of airway - answerModerate sedation (conscious sedation) Normal response to verbal stimulation with airway reflexes, ventiliation & cardiovascular functions are unaffected - answerMinimal sedation (anxiolysis) What drugs are given for minimal sedation (anxiolysis) - answerValium or Versed Anesthesia that relies on the use of several agents together to benefit from each other. Using each drug at a smaller dose than required if it were being used alone - answerBalanced anesthesia Maximum does of Epi for a healthy patient? - answer0.2 mg What is the treatment for Malignant Hyperthermia? - answer100% O2, Dantrolene (2.5 mg/kg) and IV cold saline (NOT Ringer's) What emergency would a beta blocker be given? - answerHypertension What is the maximum dose of Epi for a patient with cardiovascular disease? - answer0.04 mg Cardiac arrest- has no rhythm or contraction of EKG - answerAsystole No discernable P, QRS or T waves noted. No pumping of blood at all and no depolarization of the ventricles - answerVentricular fibrillation (V-fib) What are 2 emergencies would Epi be given in? - answerV-Fib or Asytole What are PVCs treated with? - answerLidocaine What medications can be given for a severe case of hyperventilation? - answerVersed, valium or propofol Dysrhythmia with a rapid firing of an ectopic focus with a rate of 140-200 BPM but no P wave - answerVentricular tachycardia (V-tach) What medication would be given for V-tach? - answerAmiodarone What are 3 different medications that could be given for SVT? - answerAdenosine, Inderal or Esmolol What medication would be given for symptomatic bradycardia? - answerAtropine What emergency would a cricothyrotomy typically be performed? - answerAirway obstruction What type of intubation is preferred with emesis and aspiration? - answerETT, LMA or ETA (endotracheal tube, laryngeal mask airway, esophageal tracheal airway) What are the 3 basic requirements to follow when gathering medical information? - answerMedical information that helps oral surgeons identify poor-risk patients, guide treatment, and written evidence the patient was given to evaluate the treatment plan What is the term for blood in the urine? - answerHematuria What is the artery that carries oxygen-poor (venous) blood from the heart to the lungs? - answerPulmonary artery What is the blood flow through the heart? - answerRight atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta What is the treatment for emesis with aspiration? - answer100% O2, turn patient to their right side with head down, tonsil suction, intubate Crowing sounds, labored breathing, suprasternal retraction & rocking of the chest and abdomen (paradoxical) are signs of what? - answerLaryngospasm Treatment of a laryngospasm - answer100% O2, head tilt chin position, tonsil suction, bag/mask, succinylcholine Surgical airway below level of larynx into the trachea is called what? - answerTracheostomy Device that monitors ventilation in real time by measuring the level of O2 the patient exhales - answerCapnograph/capnometer Device that monitors ventilation and circulation - answerPulse oximeter Difficulty with expiration not inspiration, wheezing and labored breathing are signs of what medical emergency? - answerBronchspasm Treatment of bronchospasm - answer100% O2, Albuterol inhaler, epi, ETT/LMA or Igel, and a steroid What MP classification is visualization of soft palate, fauces, uvula, anterior and posterior pillars? - answerMP 1 What MP classification is visualization of soft palate, fauces & uvula? - answerMP 2 What MP classification is visualization of soft palate and base of tongue? - answerMP 3 What MP classification would the soft palate not be visible at all? - answerMP 4 What does MONA stand for? - answerMorphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin What is the actual order of MONA? - answerOxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin, and morphine (ONAM) Ventricular contraction is which phase of BP? - answerSystolic blood pressure Ventricular relaxation is what phase of BP? - answerDystolic blood pressure The T wave on a cardiac monitor tracing is evidence of what change in polarization? - answerRepolarization of the ventricles What anatomical structure located at the top of the larynx closes the airway and prevents foreign bodies from entering the trachea? - answerEpiglottis What is most likely to cause obstruction of the airway when an anesthetized patient is lying in a supine position? - answerTongue Blood is pumped to the lungs from the heart through what vessel? - answerPulmonary artery Small, sac-like structures located at the end of the respiratory tract in which O2 and CO2 are exchanged. - answerAlveoli Soft tissue valve that covers the larynx and allows food to enter the esophagus is called the? - answerEpiglottis