BIO 103 Lecture Exam 5 Study Guide Questions and Answers with complete solution

What is taxonomy? - Answer-The science of naming and classifying organisms. Who is the "Father" of Taxonomy? - Answer-Carolus Linnaeus Binomial nomenclature - Answer-Each species is assigned a unique two-part name. The first part is a noun that designates the genus and the second part is an adjective that modifies the noun called specific epithet. Modern hierarchy system of classification. Rules for scientific naming - Answer-1. Typically latinized 2. Two part name: Genus and species 3. Genus is capitalized and species is lowercase 4. Complete name is italicized or underlined Taxon - Answer-Generic name for taxonomic groups that are based upon characteristics/traits. Correct order of taxa (taxons) - Answer-Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species Three domains currently accepted by science - Answer-Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Characteristics of organisms in Bacteria - Answer-1. unicellular - microscopic, 1-10 um long 2. prokaryotic - "before a nucleus" 3. cell wall (peptidoglycan) 4. glycocalyx(capsule or slime layer) or glycoprotein 5. Flagella(some) 6. fimbriae- short hairlike filaments (some) 7. nucleoid 1 circular chromosome 8. plasmid (accessory ring of DNA) (some)9. ribosomes....fewer & smaller 10. thylakoids(some) 11. Heterotrophic Characteristics of organisms in Archaea - Answer-1. Prokaryotes 2. Unicellular 3. microscopic 4. Peptidoglycan absent in cell walls Characteristics of organisms in Eukarya - Answer-1. No peptidoglycan 2.Has nucleus and organelles 3.Cell wall (ether lipids) How many kingdoms are in domain Eukarya - Answer-4; Protists, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia Why was Kingdom Monera divided into Domains Bacteria and Archaea? - Answer-There was a lot of them so they got moved into a biggr category. Characteristics of kingdom fungi - Answer-1. Eukaryotic 2. Most Fungi are multicellular 3. Heterotroph by absorbtion 4. Chitin Cell Walls- Composed of mainly nitrogen 5. No motile stage 6.Adult form is haploid, zygote is diploid, the zygote splits into haploid spores 7. Asexual 8. Hyphae- Tiny filaments composed of tubular cell walls filled with protoplasm 9. Mycelium- A mass of intertwined hyphae 10. Septate- Walls that divide the hyphae into individual cells 11. Has no septate What is the most inclusive category of classification? - Answer-DomainThree domains of organisms - Answer-Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria Which characteristics divide Bacteria from Archaea? - Answer-rRNA base sequence, plasma membrane, & cell wall chemistry. Are Bacteria & Archaea prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - Answer-Prokaryotic What is the primary characteristic of Eukarya? - Answer-unicellular & multicellular organisms. Membrane bound nucleus. How many kingdoms are in domain Eukarya? - Answer-4; Kingdom Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia What are the major characteristics for Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia? - Answer-Protista: Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Protista Cell Type: Eukaryote Cell Structures: Cell walls of CELLULOSE: some have chloroplasts Number of Cells: Most unicellular, some colonial or multicellular Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph or heterotroph Example: AMOEBA, PARAMECIUM, MOLDS, GIANT KELP Fungi: Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Fungi Cell Type: Eukaryote Cell Structures: Cell walls of CHITIN Number of Cells: some unicellular,,MOST MULTICELLULAR Mode of Nutrition: HeterotrophExample: MUSHROOMS AND YEAST Plantae: Domain: Eukaryote Kingdom: Plantae Cell Type: Eukaryote Cell Structures: Cell walls with CELLULOSE; chloroplasts Number of Cells: MULTICELLULAR Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph Example: Moss, ferns, and flowering plants Animals: Domain: Eukaryotes Kingdom: Animalia Cell Type: Eukaryotes Cell Structures: NO Cell walls and NO CHLOROPLASTS Number of Cells: Multicellular Mode of Nutrition: Heterotroph Example: Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals