NIU Bio 103 Exam 2 (Questions + Answers) Verified 100% Correct!!.

What are the two parts of photosynthesis? - Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle What are the product of Light Reactions? - ATP, NADPH, and Oxygen Where do Light Reactions take place? - The thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast What are the products of Calvin Cycle Reactions? - Glucose (CH2O) Where does the Calvin cycle take place? - The stroma of the chloroplast What are heterotrophs? - Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things What are autotrophs? - Organisms that produce their own food What are the reactants of photosynthesis? - Carbon dioxide, water, and energy (6CO2 + 6O2 + energy) What are the products of photosynthesis? - Glucose and oxygen (C6H12O6 + 6O2) What is the equation for cellular respiration? - C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related? - They both produce the components the other reaction needs (they are almost opposites) What are the powerhouses of the cell? - Mitochondria and chloroplastsWhat are the advantages of fermentation? - Provides a quick burst of ATP energy for muscular activity What are the disadvantages of fermentation? - The lactate and alcohol produced are toxic to cells Where does fermentation occur, what kind of reaction is it, and how many ATP does it produce? - It occurs in the cytoplasm, is anaerobic, and produces 2 ATP What are the building blocks of proteins? - Amino acids (20) What are other names for the Citric Acid Cycle - The Krebs Cycle or TCA Cycle Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place, what kind of reaction is it, and how many ATP does it produce? - It occurs in the mitochondria, is aerobic, and produces 32-28 ATP Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur, what kind of reaction is it, and how many ATP does it produce? - It occurs in the mitochondria, is aerobic, and produces 2 ATP What is another name for the Electron Transport Chain? - Oxidative Phosphorylation What is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain? - Oxygen How many essential amino acids are there? - 9 How many non-essential amino acids are there? - 11 What is anabolism? - A reaction that requires energy (builds up)What is catabolism? - A reaction that releases energy (breaks down) What is metabolism? - The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell What is an endergonic reaction? - A reaction that requires energy input What is an exergonic reaction? - A reaction that releases energy What is the 1st law of thermodynamics? - Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be changed from one form to another What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics? - When energy is changed from one form to another there is a loss of energy that is available to do work (randomness) What are the first three things G3P breaks down into? - Glucose, Fatty Acids, and Amino Acids What does G3P break down to after Glucose? - Fructose, Starch, and Cellulose What does G3P break down to after Fructose? - Sucrose What is the energy of activation? - The amount of energy needed to cause molecules to react What are important facts about enzymes? - They are proteins, they are catalysts, and they usually end is -ase What conditions increase enzyme activity? - Temperature (warm not hot), correct pH, higher substrate concentration What is an example of a coenzyme? - Vitami