NEW BIO251 - EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADE A+
3 main process of DNA replication - -answer-- initiation
- elongation
- termination
Central Dogma - -answer-DNA -> RNA -> Protein
The process by which DNA is used to encode proteins
what some of the characteristics of transcription/RNA - -
answer-- Only specific regions are copies
- RNA strands are produced, which do not bind with the DNA
(exist as single strands)
- No proofreading
what are the 5 steps in transcription - -answer-Step 1: RNA
polymerase binds to the promoter (a regulatory region directly
upstream of the gene) and initiates DNA unraveling
Step 2 : RNA polymerase facilitates the assembly of free
ribonucleotides into chains of RNA, using the DNA as a template
Step 3: The RNA polymerase continues along the gene adding to
the RNA chain, which does not permanently pair with the DNA,
but exists as a single strand
Step 4: RNA synthesis continues until the RNA polymerase
encounters a specific region of DNA known as a terminator
,Step 5: Once the terminator is reached, the RNA polymerase
stalls and a rho termination protein facilitates the RNA
polymerase and RNA strand to disassociate from the DNA
The DNA is re-wound and the RNA is free to go on to the next
step
name for groups of 3 base pairs of the mRNA - -answer-codons
how many codons are non-coding or stop codons? - -answer-3
are non-coding or stop codons
only 61 of the 64 encode amino acids
which molecule can bind both RNA and amino acids - -answer-
T-RNA
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are
complementary to an mRNA codon - -answer-Anticodon
t-RNA is considered to be "charged" - -answer-when an amino
acid is bound to t-RNA
how many different t-RNA there are - -answer-64, one for each
codon
the study of how the heredity material (DNA and RNA) is
transferred. - -answer-genetics
all genetic material in a cell - -answer-genome
what is the sub division of genome - -answer-- chromosome
- plasmid
,what is the sub division of chromosomes - -answer-genes
(coding region)
non-coding region
what composes the DNA back bone - -answer-sugar
phosphate
which are the 4 nucleotides in DNA - -answer-Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil (only in RNA)
what is the difference between bacterial and Eukaryota
chromosomes - -answer-Most bacteria have only one circular
chromosome, whereas eukaryotes tend to have multiple linear
chromosomes
Why is DNA semi-conservative? - -answer-When DNA divides,
each copy receives one half of the original DNA and one half new
DNA.
enzyme(s) that uncoiled the DNA - -answer-topoisomerase and
gyrase, and begins at a region called the origin of replication
enzyme that unwinds and begins separating the DNA strands in
both directions - -answer-helicase
enzyme that stabilize the single stranded DNA - -answer-single
strand binding proteins
, what is required for the addition of nucleotides in DNA
replication? - -answer-a free 3' hydroxyl group
enzyme that adds an RNA primer to the strand being replicated -
-answer-primase
enzyme that makes sure the proper nucleotide is bound, and
connects it to the growing DNA strand - -answer-DNA
polymerase
DNA lagging strand - -answer-- DNA is synthesized in pieces
- multiple RNA primers are added
- assembled together by the enzymes DNA -polymerase and
ligase
the structures where protein synthesis (translation) occurs - -
answer-Ribosomes
which are the 2 microbial ribosome subunits - -answer-the 30S
and 50S, which come together to form a functional 70S ribosome
what does the "S" in ribosomal subunits stands for - -answer-
Svedberg units, which measures the rate of sedimentation
during centrifugation
what are the 3 functional domains of the large microbial
ribosome subunit - -answer-Aminoacyl site (A)
site of entry for tRNA's
Peptidyl (P) site
Site of peptide bond formation
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADE A+
3 main process of DNA replication - -answer-- initiation
- elongation
- termination
Central Dogma - -answer-DNA -> RNA -> Protein
The process by which DNA is used to encode proteins
what some of the characteristics of transcription/RNA - -
answer-- Only specific regions are copies
- RNA strands are produced, which do not bind with the DNA
(exist as single strands)
- No proofreading
what are the 5 steps in transcription - -answer-Step 1: RNA
polymerase binds to the promoter (a regulatory region directly
upstream of the gene) and initiates DNA unraveling
Step 2 : RNA polymerase facilitates the assembly of free
ribonucleotides into chains of RNA, using the DNA as a template
Step 3: The RNA polymerase continues along the gene adding to
the RNA chain, which does not permanently pair with the DNA,
but exists as a single strand
Step 4: RNA synthesis continues until the RNA polymerase
encounters a specific region of DNA known as a terminator
,Step 5: Once the terminator is reached, the RNA polymerase
stalls and a rho termination protein facilitates the RNA
polymerase and RNA strand to disassociate from the DNA
The DNA is re-wound and the RNA is free to go on to the next
step
name for groups of 3 base pairs of the mRNA - -answer-codons
how many codons are non-coding or stop codons? - -answer-3
are non-coding or stop codons
only 61 of the 64 encode amino acids
which molecule can bind both RNA and amino acids - -answer-
T-RNA
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are
complementary to an mRNA codon - -answer-Anticodon
t-RNA is considered to be "charged" - -answer-when an amino
acid is bound to t-RNA
how many different t-RNA there are - -answer-64, one for each
codon
the study of how the heredity material (DNA and RNA) is
transferred. - -answer-genetics
all genetic material in a cell - -answer-genome
what is the sub division of genome - -answer-- chromosome
- plasmid
,what is the sub division of chromosomes - -answer-genes
(coding region)
non-coding region
what composes the DNA back bone - -answer-sugar
phosphate
which are the 4 nucleotides in DNA - -answer-Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil (only in RNA)
what is the difference between bacterial and Eukaryota
chromosomes - -answer-Most bacteria have only one circular
chromosome, whereas eukaryotes tend to have multiple linear
chromosomes
Why is DNA semi-conservative? - -answer-When DNA divides,
each copy receives one half of the original DNA and one half new
DNA.
enzyme(s) that uncoiled the DNA - -answer-topoisomerase and
gyrase, and begins at a region called the origin of replication
enzyme that unwinds and begins separating the DNA strands in
both directions - -answer-helicase
enzyme that stabilize the single stranded DNA - -answer-single
strand binding proteins
, what is required for the addition of nucleotides in DNA
replication? - -answer-a free 3' hydroxyl group
enzyme that adds an RNA primer to the strand being replicated -
-answer-primase
enzyme that makes sure the proper nucleotide is bound, and
connects it to the growing DNA strand - -answer-DNA
polymerase
DNA lagging strand - -answer-- DNA is synthesized in pieces
- multiple RNA primers are added
- assembled together by the enzymes DNA -polymerase and
ligase
the structures where protein synthesis (translation) occurs - -
answer-Ribosomes
which are the 2 microbial ribosome subunits - -answer-the 30S
and 50S, which come together to form a functional 70S ribosome
what does the "S" in ribosomal subunits stands for - -answer-
Svedberg units, which measures the rate of sedimentation
during centrifugation
what are the 3 functional domains of the large microbial
ribosome subunit - -answer-Aminoacyl site (A)
site of entry for tRNA's
Peptidyl (P) site
Site of peptide bond formation
