ANSC 221- Exam 3 Study Guide Latest Version

ANSC 221- Exam 3 Study Guide Latest Version THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW Preparation for Exam 3 and Final Exam Disclaimer: These items are intended to help you think through the material for which you are responsibile, but no claim is made that they are comprehensive. EVERYTHING that the course covered (and was on the 'things you should know' pages) for Exam 1 (nutrients). EVERYTHING that the course covered (and was on the 'things you should know' pages) for Exam 2 (digestion, feed evaluation, feeds). Everything covered since Exam 2, which includes forages, ration balancing for ruminants, feeding of animals. - answer Handling and Feeding Forages - answerFactors to Consider: 1. Packaging Method -Influences how the forage can be stored and fed -Deal with weather deterioration and spoilage due to ground moisture (round hay bales may have a 20-30% loss due to weather deterioration) 2. Feeding Facility Needs: -Access to area for animals and equipment -Control over the amount of feed the animals can eat Methods of Feeding Forages to Livestock - answer1. Feed Bales from Ground -Works well when there is low rainfall -Must pay attention to amount animals eat so it is not wasted 2.Have a structure that prevents the animals from trampling the forage -Best to put it on cement to prevent muddy ground around the area -Good to have a lot of bars to prevent the animal from pulling out large portions of feed at a time FORAGES - answer-Ruminants and nonruminant herbivores eat this -Feed with 20% or more fiber on a 90% DM basis (18% on a 100% DM basis) Characteristics of Forages - answer-Variable in protein -Low in energy compared to grain -Some are higher in Ca and trace minerals than most grains -Better source of fat soluble vitamins than grains -Adds bulk -Necessary to maintain rumen function, prevents upsets Value of a forage - answer-Depends on palatability, composition, and digestibility What are the differences between grasses and legumes? advantages and disadvantages of each. - answerGrasses -Provide bulk -Grow under a wider range of conditions -Generally not as much nutritive value as legumes except at extreme maturity -Palatable when immature -Main source of energy -Have the ability to grow in most environments, stand being trampled on more, tolerant of grazing, prevent erosion, better root structure. Legumes -Has the ability to associate microbes in nodules on it roots which can fix atmospheric nitrogen -Often problem with bloat -Improve soil fertility -Have a stem with leaves on them vs a blade -Normally richer in CP, MIN, & VIT than grasses -Not much difference in TDN, CF, fat, protein -May be more digestible when young and less when mature -Protein source What are the common grass forages? legume forages? You should be able to name 6 or more of each. - answer GRASSES - answer1. Range Grasses/prairie grasses -Big bluestem, little bluestem, sand bluestem -Indian Grass -Switch grass -Side-oats gramma -Buffalograss Big bluestem - answer-Perennial -Palatable -Winter hardy -Warm season -High yielding pasture and hay -Great plains and midwest Indian Grass - answer-Perennial -Palatable, winter hardy, drought resistant, warm season, high yield -Same things as big bluestem Switch Grass - answer-Medium palatability Side-oats Gramma - answer-Grows well with big bluestem WARM SEASON GRASSES ^^ - answer COOL SEASON GRASSES - answer-Kentucky Bluegrass