Page 1 of 59
Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions And
Answers 2022 A+ Complete 2024 update
What type of Diabetes is also called 'Juvenile diabetes,' and is an autoimmune
disorder resulting from genetics, environmental trigger, hypersensitivity reaction?
- ANSWER-Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Which type of Diabetes involves the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and
results in an absolute deficiency of insulin? - ANSWER-Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Which type of Diabetes involves insulin resistance where the effect of insulin is
blunted in skeletal muscle and liver? - ANSWER-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Which type of Diabetes involves progressive impairment of beta cells, deranged
secretion of insulin, or the eventual exhaustion/failure of beta cells, and increased
glucose production by liver? - ANSWER-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The following risk factors are for what disease?
-Family history
-Overweight
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Cardiovascular disease
-Hypertension
-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
1
,Page 2 of 59
-Psychiatric Illness
-Latino/Hispanic, Black, Asian American, Native American, or Pacific Islander
decent
-History of delivering infant >9 Ibs. - ANSWER-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
What is the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? - ANSWER-Regardless
of cause,
1. pancreatic beta cells have decreased release of insulin (leads to decreased
glucose uptake AND increased hepatic glucose output and eventual
hyperglycemia).
2. Skeletal muscle has increased insulin resistance (leads to decreased glucose
uptake, and eventual hyperglycemia).
The following risk factors are for what disease?
-Family history
-Beta cell autoimmunity
-Autoimmune disease
-Infection
-Environmental exposure
-Chemical exposure
-Dietary exposure - ANSWER-Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
2
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The following risk factors are for what disease?
-Family history
-History of stillbirth or spontaneous abortion
-Fetal abnormalities in previous pregnancy
-Previous heavy infant
-Obese
-Advanced maternal age
-Greater than or equal to 5 pregnancies - ANSWER-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Which disease has the following presentation?
-Abdominal obesity
-Increased free fatty acids
-Beta cell dysfunction
-Insulin resistance
-Overproduction of glucose by liver - ANSWER-Metabolic Syndrome
What is the NCEP ATP III Criteria for diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome? - ANSWER-
-Abdominal obesity: waist >35 in. in women, >40 in. in men
-Triglycerides > or equal to 150 mg/dL
-HDL <50 mg/dL in women, <40 mg/dl in men
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-Blood pressure >130/85
-Fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dL
Which disease has the following signs and symptoms?
-Excess glucose not reabsorbed/water loss
-Intracellular dehydration
-Cellular starvation
-Osmotic diuresis, fat, and protein used for energy*
-Lens and retina exposed to hyperosmotic fluid
-Temporary dysfunction of peripheral nerves - ANSWER-Diabetes Mellitus
*Osmotic diuresis, fat, and protein used for energy (ONLY for TYPE 1 DM)
When should individuals get tested for diabetes? - ANSWER-All individuals 45
years and older.
Below 45 years old if:
-1st degree relative has DM
-Obese
-physical inactivity
-High risk ethnic population
-Women with PCOS
4
Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions And
Answers 2022 A+ Complete 2024 update
What type of Diabetes is also called 'Juvenile diabetes,' and is an autoimmune
disorder resulting from genetics, environmental trigger, hypersensitivity reaction?
- ANSWER-Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Which type of Diabetes involves the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and
results in an absolute deficiency of insulin? - ANSWER-Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Which type of Diabetes involves insulin resistance where the effect of insulin is
blunted in skeletal muscle and liver? - ANSWER-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Which type of Diabetes involves progressive impairment of beta cells, deranged
secretion of insulin, or the eventual exhaustion/failure of beta cells, and increased
glucose production by liver? - ANSWER-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The following risk factors are for what disease?
-Family history
-Overweight
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Cardiovascular disease
-Hypertension
-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
1
,Page 2 of 59
-Psychiatric Illness
-Latino/Hispanic, Black, Asian American, Native American, or Pacific Islander
decent
-History of delivering infant >9 Ibs. - ANSWER-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
What is the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? - ANSWER-Regardless
of cause,
1. pancreatic beta cells have decreased release of insulin (leads to decreased
glucose uptake AND increased hepatic glucose output and eventual
hyperglycemia).
2. Skeletal muscle has increased insulin resistance (leads to decreased glucose
uptake, and eventual hyperglycemia).
The following risk factors are for what disease?
-Family history
-Beta cell autoimmunity
-Autoimmune disease
-Infection
-Environmental exposure
-Chemical exposure
-Dietary exposure - ANSWER-Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
2
,Page 3 of 59
The following risk factors are for what disease?
-Family history
-History of stillbirth or spontaneous abortion
-Fetal abnormalities in previous pregnancy
-Previous heavy infant
-Obese
-Advanced maternal age
-Greater than or equal to 5 pregnancies - ANSWER-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Which disease has the following presentation?
-Abdominal obesity
-Increased free fatty acids
-Beta cell dysfunction
-Insulin resistance
-Overproduction of glucose by liver - ANSWER-Metabolic Syndrome
What is the NCEP ATP III Criteria for diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome? - ANSWER-
-Abdominal obesity: waist >35 in. in women, >40 in. in men
-Triglycerides > or equal to 150 mg/dL
-HDL <50 mg/dL in women, <40 mg/dl in men
3
, Page 4 of 59
-Blood pressure >130/85
-Fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dL
Which disease has the following signs and symptoms?
-Excess glucose not reabsorbed/water loss
-Intracellular dehydration
-Cellular starvation
-Osmotic diuresis, fat, and protein used for energy*
-Lens and retina exposed to hyperosmotic fluid
-Temporary dysfunction of peripheral nerves - ANSWER-Diabetes Mellitus
*Osmotic diuresis, fat, and protein used for energy (ONLY for TYPE 1 DM)
When should individuals get tested for diabetes? - ANSWER-All individuals 45
years and older.
Below 45 years old if:
-1st degree relative has DM
-Obese
-physical inactivity
-High risk ethnic population
-Women with PCOS
4
