HBS Digestive System Questions And Answers With Verified Tests 100% Correct Answers

oral cavity - includes the lips, the inside lining of the lips and cheeks, the teeth, the gums, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth below the tongue, and the bony roof of the mouth (hard palate) salivary glands - make saliva tongue - it helps to mix food with saliva during chewing, moves food toward the pharynx during swallowing, and moves food under teeth for chewing; it also has taste cells on it for tasting that are contained within taste buds bolus - mass of chewed food mixed with saliva hard palate - contains the maxilla bone, forms the upper/anterior part of oral cavity soft palate - extends posterior of the hard palate and is muscular, ends in the uvula, helps in swallowing mechanical digestion - the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces by the mouth/teeth, increases surface area for chemical digestion and prevents choking carbohydrate digestion - starts in the mouth with amylase converting polysaccharides to disaccharides, continues with pancreatic amylase, finishes with sucrase/maltase/lactase from the small intestine converting disaccharides to monosaccharides (glucose/fructose/galactose) epiglottis - a flap-like structure located on top of the larynx, during swallowing, the trachea raises and the epiglottis covers the opening to the trachea hopefully ensuring that nothing goes down the trachea and therefore into the lungs peristalsis - rhythmic waves of muscular contraction in the walls of the alimentary canal; it helps to move through the canalstomach - receives food from the esophagus and mixes food with gastric juice to produce chyme, begins the chemical digestion of proteins, carries on limited absorption (some water, certain salts, certain lipid-soluble drugs, and some alcohol), and moves food into the small intestine chyme - produced in the stomach by the mixing movements of the stomach; it is a mixture of food and gastric juice hydrochloric acid - this is an acid produced in the stomach; it's role is to help form pepsin and helps to kill certain microorganisms that may be harmful to your body sphincter - a circular muscle that controls the movement of food from one region to another region of the canal; there are several along the length of the canal including where the esophagus and stomach meet (lower espophageal), where the stomach meets up with the duodenum (pyloric), where the ileum meets up with the large intestine (ileocecal), and two at the anus (internal and external anal) duodenum, jejunum, and ileum - the first, second, and third part of the small intestine in that order; the small intestine receives secretions from the pancreas, gallbladder, and itself, completes the chemical digestion of nutrients in chyme, absorbs the digested material from food, and moves contents into the large intestine gastric juice - made up of mucous, digestive enzymes (pepsinogen and pepsin), and HCl (hydrochloric acid) lower espophageal sphincter - circular muscle that remains constricted unless during swallowing, prevents stomach contents from entering the esophagus, if it doesn't work properly, may experience heart burn pyloric sphincter - circular muscle found in-between the stomach and the small intestine and controls gastric emptying into the small intestine hepatopancreatic sphincter - a circular muscle within the wall of the duodenum that controls the release of pancreatic juices and bile into the small intestineprotein digestion - starts in the stomach with pepsin, which converts polymers of amino acids into short chains of amino acids called peptides, continues with proteolytic enzymes coming from the pancreas, which does the same action as pepsin, and is finished with peptidase, which comes from the small intestine, and it converts peptides into individual amino acids