1. What is the most common initial symptom of
colorectal cancer?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hematemesis
C. Change in bowel habits or occult bleeding
D. Weight gain
Answer: C
Rationale: Colorectal cancer often presents
insidiously with altered bowel habits or blood in
stool.
2. In anemia of chronic disease, which iron study
abnormality is most common?
A. Elevated serum iron
B. Increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
C. Low ferritin
D. Low serum iron and low TIBC
Answer: D
,Rationale: Anemia of chronic disease typically
presents with low serum iron and low TIBC, with
normal or elevated ferritin.
3. What is the hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma?
A. Bence Jones proteins
B. Philadelphia chromosome
C. Reed-Sternberg cells
D. Myeloblast proliferation
Answer: C
Rationale: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, abnormal
lymphocytes seen in Hodgkin lymphoma.
4. Which of the following is a feature of chronic
inflammation?
A. Neutrophil predominance
B. Immediate onset
C. Lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration
D. Short duration
Answer: C
,Rationale: Chronic inflammation involves prolonged
tissue injury with mononuclear cell infiltration.
5. What is the most common cause of acute
pancreatitis?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Alcohol abuse and gallstones
C. Viral infection
D. High protein diet
Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol and gallstones are the most
frequent causes of acute pancreatitis.
6. In hyperaldosteronism, what electrolyte imbalance
is expected?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: C
, Rationale: Aldosterone causes sodium retention and
potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
7. Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the
following lab abnormalities?
A. Low calcium
B. High phosphate
C. Low PTH
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: D
Rationale: PTH increases calcium levels by
stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption.
8. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
which of the following is most accurate?
A. It is reversible
B. It only involves the alveoli
C. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
D. It causes reduced lung compliance
Answer: C
colorectal cancer?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hematemesis
C. Change in bowel habits or occult bleeding
D. Weight gain
Answer: C
Rationale: Colorectal cancer often presents
insidiously with altered bowel habits or blood in
stool.
2. In anemia of chronic disease, which iron study
abnormality is most common?
A. Elevated serum iron
B. Increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
C. Low ferritin
D. Low serum iron and low TIBC
Answer: D
,Rationale: Anemia of chronic disease typically
presents with low serum iron and low TIBC, with
normal or elevated ferritin.
3. What is the hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma?
A. Bence Jones proteins
B. Philadelphia chromosome
C. Reed-Sternberg cells
D. Myeloblast proliferation
Answer: C
Rationale: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, abnormal
lymphocytes seen in Hodgkin lymphoma.
4. Which of the following is a feature of chronic
inflammation?
A. Neutrophil predominance
B. Immediate onset
C. Lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration
D. Short duration
Answer: C
,Rationale: Chronic inflammation involves prolonged
tissue injury with mononuclear cell infiltration.
5. What is the most common cause of acute
pancreatitis?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Alcohol abuse and gallstones
C. Viral infection
D. High protein diet
Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol and gallstones are the most
frequent causes of acute pancreatitis.
6. In hyperaldosteronism, what electrolyte imbalance
is expected?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: C
, Rationale: Aldosterone causes sodium retention and
potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
7. Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the
following lab abnormalities?
A. Low calcium
B. High phosphate
C. Low PTH
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: D
Rationale: PTH increases calcium levels by
stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption.
8. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
which of the following is most accurate?
A. It is reversible
B. It only involves the alveoli
C. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
D. It causes reduced lung compliance
Answer: C
