Summary Chemistry 234 study guide

introductory 20

quantumnumbers




gqnsoescrioedji.is
n principle
avantum

e angular orbitaltype

le
m omentum


me masneticquantum orbitalo rientation e
ms magneticspin onelectron
spin s
Angularmomentum value



eno.in
I
magneticquantumvalue
iiiLin
mess erose in n 2 3
he im.omi
am
orbital
type

g p e d e e

n 888 1 809 FETTO sit
Iffy NODE

p p
oxy a oxen on a o iii
HUND'SRULE



themoststablearrangementofelectrons in a subshell isonewiththemostparallelspins eg aelectronscanfilla porbitalline


f
PAULING'SRULE
14p p
No2 electrons inthesameorbitalcan occupythesamea avantumnumbers mostp arallelspins imoststable


AUFBAU'SRULE



thelowestenergylevelsarefilledfirst
paramagnetic
vs diamagnetic
unpaired
electron paired
e lectrons


Electronconfiguration noble
gasconfiguration


Iiis isapr3stspoas3rd simplytheatom'spreviousnoblegas valenceelectrons


eg1191st1st2ps3stapras egKia ArAs
valenceelectrons
ftp.pp
Note areadded lost from
electrons

thensorbitalbeforetheinsndorbital
exceptions

, Zeff Slater'srules


thenetcharge experienced
byanelectroninthe outermost
shell


2 constant
shielding o
pf.IS
cospes increasingshieldingeffect



slaters rules


electronconfigurationwrittenlike
1stCsupo3523030101caseapol

e insamegroup o 0,35
e inonegroupbelowin1 o 0,85
e in at groupsbelow n2 o 1,00
for def
samegroup 0,35
foralllowergroups 1,00
Predicttheeffectivenuclear
chargefor rules
slater's
mgusing

Mgr 15112 20611352

810,8512111
412 51,11935




periodicproperties


hereAtomic radiiIonization
ionic energyElectron
affinityElectronegativity


I Left 2 AtomicIonicradii 3 IonizationEnergy 4 Electronegativity

affinity
Electron

H he Fations H He
age
ions H IE Ie He
Be BNO
eh 0
Across the atomic
number Across zeroathuseare
pulled addingeto filled
p orbital

Pt closertonucleus Natomic IE.isthe of
amt energyrequired EN.isthetendencyofan
insareatern uclear
attraction mere radius atomtoattractabondedpair
ent.ithIaiiiiiiigiiiimina'doing
DOWN
the shellsin noun awanomore are of e towardsitself
ioutermosteare moreby
shielded
to
presentdue Matomic moreto 1m01atoms DH 40 fhasthehighestin 4,0
morecoree number Across Zero thusmore to
e nergyreavired
Thuslessnuclear
attraction here thuse arefurther
from isstronglyattracted
removeane which
nucleus radius
Matomic tothenucleus
cationslose
e ismallerthan Down left thusearefarfromnucleus
theiratomic formLesspositive
cation notstronglyattractedtonucleus
Anionsgain
e largerthan thusenergyrequiredtoremovethese
theiratomic formmorenegativeanions e isless NIE
InEiaoiaianowaaaois Exceptions
Gais smaller thanae IEais greaterthan Ie because
inhasisdioap inossaas moreenergyisrequiredtoremovean
orbitals
overlap tohasafully
filledd except.intmpfe
YfIi'ftpno
mgingoore lowerineneray
orbital more
so
stable
t
ffh.si fffii radius
atom smaller
contracts
ftp.fihnggjyiiiffet Ysusaapi 6f'pitcher's

,Lewisstructures



c noFonestheoctetrule iefullyfilledoctetwhenbondedto something




metallic
fanster atonaro
e odelocalised
sea f e
no t
mail.ci no one
Bondorder
shared
e between 2atoms
β forresonance structures
IIn annoying


Electronegativity




the ofanatomtoattractabondedpairof etowardsitselfina molecule
tendency



non
p olar polar
covalent ionic
in 0,0

ionpolar

Pauling'sENRule




AB
it
eg TFhasbondenergy566ktnot
HHhasbondenergy436ktmol
ff hasbondenergy 158115not
calculate ENof
µ
XAXB 0,102Δ

Δ AB VAABB
566 158436

, USEPRtheory


shelle lectronpairrepulsion
valence


parentalstructure molecular
structure electrongeometry

e grains bondinge

botnbondingslonepai.r
poublebonoscountasitowardsedomain




Exn Inepair lone lone Tone
pair nepair pairs pairs
8
Exa

triis
Exs


Ex
I g
pyramidAngular Bent
oa

YYYramio
n.fi Eiseesaw
I
Exs hear
shape

sarge Yamical
Exo
I safare.tt
anar fshape linear