NURS 451: Terms to Know Questions And Answers 2024 Updates

When the patient does meaningless repetition or imitation of the movements of others as a symptom of psychiatric disorder Example: You scratch your ear and observe the patient doing the same; no matter what you do, he mechanically continues to copy your actions - Echopraxia When the client repeats pieces of what is said or entire phrases. Example: Nurse asks, "How are you today?" Patient answers, "You today" Example: Patient states "I love smelling roses. I love smelling roses." - Echolalia A feature of catatonic motor behavior in which, when clients are placed in peculiar positions, they remain almost completely immobile in the same position for long stretches of time Example: A schizophrenic man stands stock-still near his bed. When a psychiatrist lifts the man's arm, it remains in the exact same position for hours after she lets go - Waxy Flexibility Extrapyramidal side effect of drugs that causes symptoms resembling parkinsonism such as tremor, masklike facies, drooling, rigidity (cogwheeling), stiff gait, and pill rolling. It is the result of dopamine blockade caused by certain psychiatric medications Example: A patient taking the antipsychotic Haloperidol develops bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. - Pseudoparkinsonism A reversible extrapyramidal side effect; a motor restlessness perceived subjectively by the client and experienced as an urge to pace, a need to shift weight from one foot to the other, or an inability to sit or stand still (Word means inability to sit still) Example: Patient says, "My nerves are jumping! I feel like jumping out of my skin! I cannot sit still!" - Akathisia The absence of movement; Opposite of akathisia Example: Patient appears unconscious or asleep - AkinesiaThe presence of involuntary movements Example: The patient taking an antipsychotic experiences involuntary lip smacking, tongue protrusions, rocking, and foot tapping - Dyskinesia Communication with only a slight or tenuous connection to the topic Example: You want to know how I came here? I came here by a bus, but bussing is kissing. I wasn't kissing but if you keep it simple that is a business tenet for KISS. That was a great group that played on and on but I'm not playing with you." - Tangentiality Words or meanings are invented by the client. This can include multisyllabic, pseudo-scientific words, or simple words Example: "The only problem I have is my frustionating!" - Neologisms Positive symptom of schizophrenia; Rapidly shifting from topic to topic, with no connection between one thought and the next. Example: "I take a shot of Haldol every 4 weeks, it's not weak, it's strong and so is the pill twice a day. I don't care if it does me wonders or not, wonder bread, soviet. I'm taking it for the hell of it. Bread and comrad. Who cares if it helps me or not. I'm doing phenomenal." - Looseness of Association Rapid, overly productive responses to questions that seem related only by chance associations between one sentence fragment and another; with this, you may hear rhyming, clang associations, punning, and evidence of distractibility Example: A man starts talking about his business, but quickly shifts to discussing the economy, the government, and other countries. - Flight of Ideas The client has trouble expressing a response or stops in midsentence, as if stranded without a thought; a pattern of sudden silence in the stream of conversation for no obvious reason but is often thought to be associated with intrusion of delusional thought or hallucinations Example: Nurse "What would you like to eat?" Patient "I want to eat........" - BlockingWhen the client brings up minute details that are irrelevant or unimportant to the topic at hand; the patient's speech is cumbersome, convoluted, and has unnecessary detail in response to questions Example: "You want to know how I came here? I came here on a blue and yellow bus with a lady bus driver. There were three teenage kids and a blind man with a seeing-eye dog on the bus. It didn't have to make a stop at the corner of Main and 9th - Circumstantiality The client maintains a particular idea regardless of the topic being discussed or attempts to change the subject; a pattern of repeating the same words or movements despite apparent efforts to make a new response Example: Nurse: "It's time to discuss your blood pressure medication" Patient: "I like chicken" Nurse: "You will be taking metoproplol" Patient: "I like chicken" - Perseveration Memories invented to take the place of those the client cannot recall Example: Nurse: "Where did you go to eat last night?" Patient: "McDonalds" (In reality, she ate at Red Lobster, but she couldn't remember) - Confabulation