Adv. Patho Exam 3 UTMB Module 5.1 Latest Update Graded A+

Seizure disorder (epilepsy) Patho: Normally there is a balance of stimulation and inhibition stimuli within the brain. Seizure activity occurs when too much excitation or too little inhibition causes a group of brain neurons to discharge excessively or randomly. Generalized seizures occur when both sides of the brain are affected. Partial seizures occur when only one side of the brain is affected. A partial seizure may spread to produce a secondary generalized seizure. Phases of a seizure preictal ictal postictal Preictal Mood or behavior changes may precede a seizure by minutes to days Some people have an aura (sensory warning), e.g. light flashes, smells, anxiety, and dizziness. The aura may provide a clue to the origin it the abnormal activity in the brain. Ictal period of seizure activity PostictalRecovery period Sometimes there is no postictal phase; sometimes there is fatigue, pain or muscle soreness. If specific muscular complaints occur they may provide a clue to the seizure's origin Duration is minutes to hours. Partial Seizures: Simple An aura may precede the seizure Consciousness is maintained Motor symptoms may include abnormal movement or an arm, leg or both There may be abnormal sensory symptoms (sounds, smells, body sensations) Autonomic symptoms may include a change in heart and/or respiratory rate There may be psychic symptoms (fear, deja vu) Duration is seconds to minutes complex partial seizure Consciousness is impaired but not lost The eyes may be open, but the person may not be able to respond to questions or commands (or give inappropriate responses) There may be automatisms (e.g. lip smacking, picking at clothing) There may be bizarre behaviors (e.g. running, removal of clothing, screaming) Speech may be jumbled or repetitive There may be posturing or jerking movements