NCSU GN 311 Exam #4 Questions And Answers With Latest Updates

An alteration in the DNA from an AT base pair to a CG base pair is called a ___. - Answer-Transversion An alteration in the DNA from an CG base pair to a TA base pair is called a ___. - Answer-Transition Which repair mechanism(s) involve(s) the removal of a single nucleotide? - Answer-Proofreading repair; base excision repair An insertion of a single base pair in the DNA strand is called a ___ mutation. - Answer-Frameshift Which repair mechanism(s) involve(s) the removal of several nucleotides? - Answer-Nucleotide excision repair; mismatch repair The type(s) of prokaryotic regulation where: transcription occurs with high effector levels. - AnswerPositive Inducible; negative inducible Will functional permease and beta-galactosidase be produced if lactose is ABSENT and the lac operon genotype is: I-P+O+Z-Y+ - Answer-Only functional permease is produced. Functional beta-galactosidase is NOT produced Will functional permease and beta-galactosidase be produced if lactose is ABSENT and the lac operon genotype is: I+P-O+Z+Y+ - Answer-Functional beta-galactosidase is NOT produced. Functional permease is NOT produced Will functional permease and beta-galactosidase be produced if lactose is ABSENT and the lac operon genotype is: I+P+O+Z-Y+ - Answer-Functional beta-galactosidase is NOT produced. Functional permease is NOT producedWill functional permease and beta-galactosidase be produced if lactose is PRESENT and the lac operon genotype is: IsP+O+Z-Y+ - Answer-Functional beta-galactosidase is NOT produced. Functional permease is NOT produced Will functional permease and beta-galactosidase be produced if lactose is ABSENT and the lac operon genotype is: IsP-O+Z-Y-/I-P+OcZ+Y+ - Answer-Functional beta-galactosidase and functional permease are produced Will functional permease and beta-galactosidase be produced if lactose is PRESENT and the lac operon genotype is: I+P+OcZ-Y+/I-P+O+Z-Y+ - Answer-Only functional permease is produced. Functional beta-galactosidase is NOT produced Will functional permease and beta-galactosidase be produced if lactose is PRESENT and the lac operon genotype is: I+P+O+Z+Y-/IsP+OcZ+Y- - Answer-Only functional beta-galactosidase is produced. Functional permease is NOT produced Which set of terms applies to enhancers as they are associated with eukaryotic gene regulation? - Answer-Cis-acting, variable position, variable orientation Histone modifications during chromatin remodeling can include additions of ____, ____, and ____ but not ____ - Answer-Phosphate groups; methyl groups; acetyl groups; amino groups Was the significance of Alkaptonuria? - Answer-Alkaptonuria was one of the first disease phenotypes correlated with a genotype. It is characterized by absense of homogentisate oxidase activity. Scientist who conducted experiments on Alkaptonuria and diet's effect on it - Answer-Garrod Requires some chemical for growth; won't grow on minimal media because unable to synthesize a lot of necessary nutrients - Answer-AuxotrophSomatic mutations - Answer-Occur in nonreproductive cells and are passed to new cells through mitosis (some of the cells in organism affected) Germ-line mutations - Answer-Occur in reproductive cells and are passed down to half of the members of the next generation, who will carry the mutation in all of their cells Gain of function protein mutation - Answer-Cell produces protein that is not normally present; either new gene product or gene product in new location/at an inappropriate time during development Point mutation - Answer-Results in substitution of 1 base for another Transition point mutation definition; what base change to what? - Answer-Purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine change; A to G, C to T, etc. Transversion point mutation definition; what bases change to what? - Answer-Pyrimidine to purine or purine to primidine; A to C, G to T, etc. Missense (nonsynonymous) mutation and subtype neutral - Answer-A mutation that changes the amino acid (may alter protein function or protein is nonfunctional). Neutral is a missense mutation that doesn't affect protein function Nonsense mutation - Answer-A mutation that changes the codon so that it becomes a stop codon Silent (synonymous) mutation - Answer-A mutation that still codes for the same amino acid