ATI Med Surg Concepts Written Exam With Questions And Answers All Correct|2024.

Right sided heart failure - correct answer Distended abdomen Jugular vein neck distention Dependent edema Left sided heart failure - correct answer Oliguria during the day (b/c decreased blood flow to kidneys) Fluid Volume Overload assessment findings - correct answer Distended neck veins Dehydration assessment findings - correct answer Tenting Orthostatic hypotension Positive response to HIV treatment - correct answer Decreased viral load Stage II Lyme disease - correct answer Antibiotics for 30 days (penicillin, a cephalosporin, or a tetracycline) s/s: Joint pain, cardiac and neurologic complications Chronic Lyme disease - correct answer Arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, vasculitis, myocarditis Elastic bandage patient education - correct answer Wrap distal to proximal Keep toes uncovered to check for impaired circulation Hold limb normal position with joint slightly bent (to avoid strain on ligaments and muscles of joints) Maintain even pressure of bandage (to prevent interference with circulation) Left hemisphere stroke - correct answer Anxiety concerning future Expressive aphasia Feelings of guilt Right hemisphere stroke - correct answer Impulsive behavior If cholinesterase inhibitor test on pt with myasthensia gravis results in increased muscle weakness and twitching - correct answer the patient is having a cholinergic crisis If cholinesterase inhibitor test on pt with myasthensia gravis results in decreased muscle weakness and twitching - correct answer the patient is having a myasthenia crisis retinal detachment - correct answer Patients report sensation of curtain closing over eyes. Painless Sudden onset Do not lose peripheral vision Magnesium sulfate adverse effects - correct answer Depressed or absent reflexes Hypotension Respiratory paralysis Depressed cardiac function Risk for skin breakdown - correct answer Prealbumin level of 5mg/dL is below the expected reference range. Lymphocyte count of less than 1,500mm3 is a clinical finding of malnutrition. 5% loss of total body weight in 30 days or 10% loss in 6 months is an indication of poor nutrition. Tubing for platelet administration - correct answer Smaller filter to prevent trapping of platelets. Second filter to remove WBC's. Shorter tubing to decrease platelet adherence to the lumen. Chest tubes - correct answer Notify provider if drainage >70mL/hr Do not irrigate clots. Gently milk tube only if clots visible in tubing. Keep collection chamber below chest level to allow drainage by gravity. Levothyroxine - correct answer Tx: Hypothyroidism Calcium supplements interfere with absorption Prevention of dumping syndrome - correct answer Lie supine after meals to slow absorption of food. No fluids with meals or an hour before or after meals. Diet: high protein, high fat, low to moderate carb No laxatives. Propranolol - correct answer Non-selective Beta Blocker Adverse effect: Bronchoconstriction (especially in patients with preexisting respiratory disorder). Lactulose - correct answer Tx: Hepatic encephalopathy Action: stimulates production of excess stools to rid the body of excess ammonia Adverse effect: Hypokalemia, dehydration Hyperthyroidism s/s - correct answer Restlessness, high T3 levels, weight loss Thyroid storm s/s - correct answer High blood pressure SAO2 - correct answer Measures oxygen saturation in the blood Hypocalcemia - correct answer Muscle cramps and tingling sensation in the hands. Administer calcitcriol as calcium replacement. IS - correct answer Used to expand the lower lobes of the lungs and prevent atelectasis. Clients should use 4 to 5 times per hour postoperatively. Tracheostomy care - correct answer 1/2 streangth peroxide used to clean inner cannula Pipe cleaners or small brush may be useful to remove thick or crusty secretions from the inner cannula. Primary prevention measures - correct answer Intend to prevent the onset of a targeted disorder. (Eliminate exposure through PPE) Secondary prevention measure - correct answer Identify and treat asymptomatic people who have already developed risk factors. (Screening tests for those who are at risk) Serous drainage - correct answer Clear to light yellow watery plasma Sanguineous - correct answer Indicates fresh bleeding and is bright red Serosanguineous - correct answer Plasma mixed with light bloody drainage. It is typically pale yellow to blood tinged and watery drainage. Purulent - correct answer Thick yellow, green, or brown drainage. Often associated with wound sloughing or infection. Hyperkalemia vs. Hypokalemia - correct answer ↑ K+ Hyperreflexia Facial Twitching Paresthesia Paralysis ↓ K+ Muscle weakness Hypoactive reflexes Decreased peristalsis Ataxic breathing - correct answer Irregular rr and rhythm Cheyne stokes breathing - correct answer Form of periodic breathing. Typically over a period of a minute, a 10-20 sec episode of apnea/ hypopnea is observed followed by respirations of increasing depth and frequency. The pattern then repeats itself. Apneustic breathing - correct answer Slow with a prolonged pause between inspiration and expiration. Kussmaul breathing - correct answer A very deep gasping respiratory pattern observed during a diabetic coma. COPD - correct answer Pt should receive low concentrations (2-3 L) of oxygen since the stimulus to breathe is their low PaO2. Prioritization - correct answer Systemic before local Acute before chronic Listen and don't assume Respond to trends not transient findings