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Vector for heartwater disease? correct answers Amblyomma Which of these drugs is a neuromuscular blocker when given to a dog? Naloxone Fentanyl Edrophonium Atracurium Neostigmine correct answers Atracurium Atracurium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Other neuromuscular blockers include pancuronium, d-tubocurarine and succinylcholine. Succinylcholine is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Fentanyl is an opioid. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist. Edrophonium and neostigmine are cholinesterase inhibitors used to reverse neuromuscular blockers. A stray dog is presented after being hit by a car. The dog has hypotonic forelimbs and spastic paresis in the hinds. All four limbs have proprioceptive deficits and sensation loss-signs are worse in the forelimbs. Where is the lesion? A - Cranial cervical: C1-C5 B - Cannot say without cutaneous trunci reflex results C - Lumbosacral L4-S3 D - Thoracolumbar T3-L3 E - Cervicothoracic: C6-T2 correct answers E - Cervicothoracic: C6-T2 A pregnant mare was brought out to your barn for observation in anticipation of parturition. After several hours of restless behavior, several gallons of allantoic fluid rush out from the vulva. Which of the following would you expect to happen next for a normal parturition? The red, velvety, chorioallantoic membrane emerges from the vulva The thin, white, glistening amniotic membrane emerges from the vulva The placenta is expelled from the vulva The hind legs of the foal emerge from the vulva correct answers The thin white glistening.... This case description is consistent with stage I of labor in the horse. The first stage of foaling typically lasts 30 minutes to 4 hours. During this stage, mares act restless and may exhibit signs similar to colic such as flank watching, pawing, and constantly getting up and down. When the placenta ruptures ("water breaks"), there may be several gallons of allantoic fluid that come out. Usually, within about 5 minutes, the second stage of labor begins and the foals feet and nose appear at the vulva, covered in the white, thin, glistening amnion. If a red, velvety, membrane is seen, this is the chorioallantois which indicates premature placental separation which can impair