NR 601 FINAL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - ANS-DKA (30% of people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - ANS-HHNS
DKA - ANS-acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to
drop! have K+ ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation - ANS-Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed - ANS-Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus - ANS-insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its
effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C - ANS-5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt - ANS-140-199
Prediabetes fasting - ANS-00-125
Diabetes Random - ANS->=200
Diabetes Fasting - ANS->=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt - ANS->=200
Type 1 diabetes - ANS-immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit
them from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
, Type 2 diabetes - ANS-usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes - ANS-Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
dysuria - ANS-subjective experience of painful or burnign on urination
Dysuria Cause - ANS-inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
Medications that can cause dysuria - ANS-SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
Less common causes of dysuris - ANS-Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Heamuturia Diagnostically - ANS-3 RBCs or more per high powered field
Transient Hematuria - ANS-Occurs on one occasion
Persistent - ANS-occurs on two or more occosion
Substances that can mock hematuria - ANS-Beets
Substances that can be related to hematuria - ANS-caffeine, spices, tomatoes,
chocolate, alcholol, citurs, soy sauce
medications that cause hematuria - ANS-Beta-lactam antibiotics,
sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro, allopurinol, tagamet, dilantin
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - ANS-DKA (30% of people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - ANS-HHNS
DKA - ANS-acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to
drop! have K+ ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation - ANS-Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed - ANS-Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus - ANS-insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its
effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C - ANS-5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt - ANS-140-199
Prediabetes fasting - ANS-00-125
Diabetes Random - ANS->=200
Diabetes Fasting - ANS->=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt - ANS->=200
Type 1 diabetes - ANS-immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit
them from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
, Type 2 diabetes - ANS-usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes - ANS-Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
dysuria - ANS-subjective experience of painful or burnign on urination
Dysuria Cause - ANS-inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
Medications that can cause dysuria - ANS-SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
Less common causes of dysuris - ANS-Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Heamuturia Diagnostically - ANS-3 RBCs or more per high powered field
Transient Hematuria - ANS-Occurs on one occasion
Persistent - ANS-occurs on two or more occosion
Substances that can mock hematuria - ANS-Beets
Substances that can be related to hematuria - ANS-caffeine, spices, tomatoes,
chocolate, alcholol, citurs, soy sauce
medications that cause hematuria - ANS-Beta-lactam antibiotics,
sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro, allopurinol, tagamet, dilantin
