NUFT 204 FINAL
Inspection - ANSthe process of performing deliberate, purposeful, observations in a systematic
manner
Palpation - ANSusing the sense of touch, the hands and fingers are sensitive tools that can
assess skin temperature, turgor, texture, and moisture, as well as vibrations within the body and
shapes or structures within the body
Percussion - ANSthe act of striking one object against another to produce sound. Using the
fingertips, tapping the body to produce vibrations and sound waves.
Auscultation - ANSthe act of listening with a stethoscope to sounds produced within the body.
Performed using either the diaphragm or bell against the body part being assessed.
Goiter - ANSenlargement of the thyroid
Thyroiditis - ANSinflammation of the thyroid
Weber's Test - ANSHearing test; Measuring air conduction; Screening for equal hearing
(laterally) by holding tuning fork on the middle of the midline vertex of pt's head or middle of
forehead
Rinne Test - ANSHearing test; Measuring bone conduction;
Counting the seconds until the pt no longer hears the tuning fork ringing against the pt's mastoid
process, and once they no longer hear it, move to 1-2in from ear canal and ask again when they
no longer hear it
normal findings are a 2:1 ratio
(2 for beside the ear canal and 1 the mastoid process)
PERRLA - ANSPupils are
Equal,
Round,
Reactive to
Light and
Accommodation
Snellen Chart - ANSAssess visual activity by having pt stand 20 feet from the eye chart reading
to the smallest line possible one line at a time with one eye covered
***higher the denominator, the worse the vision
Jaundice - ANSYellowing
, Conjunctiva - ANSPink Eye
Apnea - ANStemporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep. "Sleep apnea"
Tachypnea - ANSabnormal rapidly breathing.
Bradypnea - ANSrefers to an abnormally slow breathing rate
Eupnea - ANSnormal respiration
Bronchial (tracheal) Breath Sounds - ANSUsually heard in areas of the trachea and larynx;
Loud, high pitched sound, Expiratory sounds > Inspiratory sounds, Heard next to manubrium of
sternum, If heard in any other location suggestive of consolidation
Broncho Vesicular Breath Sounds - ANSUsually heard over major bronchi, between the
scapullae, around the sternum;
Intermediate intensity, intermediate pitch, Inspiratory = Expiratory sound duration, Heard best
1st and 2nd ICS anteriorly, and between scapula posteriorly, If heard in any other location
suggestive of consolidation
Vesicular Breath Sounds - ANSUsually heard over peripheral lung fields;
Soft, low pitched sound, Inspiratory > Expiratory sounds, Major normal BS, heard over most of
lungs
Tracheal Breath Sounds - ANSVery loud, high pitched sound,
Inspiratory = Expiratory sound duration,
Heard over trachea
Crackles (Rales) Breath Sounds - ANS-Discontinuous, intermittent, nonmusical, brief sounds
-Heard more commonly with inspiration
-Classified as fine or coarse
-Normal at anterior lung bases
-Maximal expiration
-Prolonged recumbency
-Crackles caused by air moving through secretions and collapsed alveoli
-Associated conditions pulmonary edema, early CHF, PNA
Wheeze Breath Sound - ANS-Continuous, high pitched, musical sound, longer than crackles
-Hissing quality, heard > with expiration, however, can be heard on inspiration
-Produced when air flows through narrowed airways
-Associated conditions-asthma, COPD
Rhonchi - ANS-Similar to wheezes
Inspection - ANSthe process of performing deliberate, purposeful, observations in a systematic
manner
Palpation - ANSusing the sense of touch, the hands and fingers are sensitive tools that can
assess skin temperature, turgor, texture, and moisture, as well as vibrations within the body and
shapes or structures within the body
Percussion - ANSthe act of striking one object against another to produce sound. Using the
fingertips, tapping the body to produce vibrations and sound waves.
Auscultation - ANSthe act of listening with a stethoscope to sounds produced within the body.
Performed using either the diaphragm or bell against the body part being assessed.
Goiter - ANSenlargement of the thyroid
Thyroiditis - ANSinflammation of the thyroid
Weber's Test - ANSHearing test; Measuring air conduction; Screening for equal hearing
(laterally) by holding tuning fork on the middle of the midline vertex of pt's head or middle of
forehead
Rinne Test - ANSHearing test; Measuring bone conduction;
Counting the seconds until the pt no longer hears the tuning fork ringing against the pt's mastoid
process, and once they no longer hear it, move to 1-2in from ear canal and ask again when they
no longer hear it
normal findings are a 2:1 ratio
(2 for beside the ear canal and 1 the mastoid process)
PERRLA - ANSPupils are
Equal,
Round,
Reactive to
Light and
Accommodation
Snellen Chart - ANSAssess visual activity by having pt stand 20 feet from the eye chart reading
to the smallest line possible one line at a time with one eye covered
***higher the denominator, the worse the vision
Jaundice - ANSYellowing
, Conjunctiva - ANSPink Eye
Apnea - ANStemporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep. "Sleep apnea"
Tachypnea - ANSabnormal rapidly breathing.
Bradypnea - ANSrefers to an abnormally slow breathing rate
Eupnea - ANSnormal respiration
Bronchial (tracheal) Breath Sounds - ANSUsually heard in areas of the trachea and larynx;
Loud, high pitched sound, Expiratory sounds > Inspiratory sounds, Heard next to manubrium of
sternum, If heard in any other location suggestive of consolidation
Broncho Vesicular Breath Sounds - ANSUsually heard over major bronchi, between the
scapullae, around the sternum;
Intermediate intensity, intermediate pitch, Inspiratory = Expiratory sound duration, Heard best
1st and 2nd ICS anteriorly, and between scapula posteriorly, If heard in any other location
suggestive of consolidation
Vesicular Breath Sounds - ANSUsually heard over peripheral lung fields;
Soft, low pitched sound, Inspiratory > Expiratory sounds, Major normal BS, heard over most of
lungs
Tracheal Breath Sounds - ANSVery loud, high pitched sound,
Inspiratory = Expiratory sound duration,
Heard over trachea
Crackles (Rales) Breath Sounds - ANS-Discontinuous, intermittent, nonmusical, brief sounds
-Heard more commonly with inspiration
-Classified as fine or coarse
-Normal at anterior lung bases
-Maximal expiration
-Prolonged recumbency
-Crackles caused by air moving through secretions and collapsed alveoli
-Associated conditions pulmonary edema, early CHF, PNA
Wheeze Breath Sound - ANS-Continuous, high pitched, musical sound, longer than crackles
-Hissing quality, heard > with expiration, however, can be heard on inspiration
-Produced when air flows through narrowed airways
-Associated conditions-asthma, COPD
Rhonchi - ANS-Similar to wheezes
