Topic 3 A Level Biology Edexcel SNAB
Function of flagellum - ANS-provides movements so that sperm can swim to egg
Function of mitochondria - ANS-Aerobic respiration
Produces ATP for movement
Function of acrosome - ANS-Contains acrosin
Digests zona pellucida
Golgi apparatus - ANS-Membrane bound sacs
Sacs in stacks
Flattened
No ribosomes
Golgi apparatus role - ANS-Modifies protein
Adds/trims carbohydrate chain
Packages proteins in secretory vesicles
Export by exocytosis
End result of mitosis - ANS-Chromatids separated
2 nuclei present
End result of S phase - ANS-DNA replicated
Quantity of DNA doubles
Process during cell specialisation - ANS-Chemical stimulus required
Causes some genes to be activated
mRNA transcription happens at activated gene
Translation happens and protein's formed
Protein modifies structure and function
Specialising the cell
Differences between tissues and organs - ANS-Tissues made of cells + organs made of
tissues
Organs have more functions than tissues
Tissues made of one type of cells + organs made of different tissues
, Polygenic inheritance - ANS-More than one gene for a single characteristic
On more than one locus
Continuou variation
Cortical reaction - ANS-Ensures that only one sperm fertilises the egg
Sieve tube element doesn't require rER and ribosomes as... - ANS-No mRNA so
ribosomes not required for translation
No proteins will be synthesised to be processed in the ER
Some bacteria grow rapidly in skin wounds as - ANS-Temp is warm, increasing rate of
reactions in bacteria
Availability of energy source from tissue
Availability of water for bacterial cell functions
Oxygen availability is good allowing areobic respiration
Advantages of eel having larger egg cell - ANS-Bigger target for sperm to hit, aids
fertilisation in open water
Larger egg has more lipid droplets
So it provides more energy can develop
How polypeptide is processed to make AFGP - ANS-Polypeptide chain moves thru ER
then Golgi apparatus.
Polypeptide's in rER
Carbohydrate added to Golgi apparatus
Protein's transported around cell in vesicle
How does each gamete receives only one allele of each gene - ANS-Homologous
chromosomes separated from one another in meiosis
Sister chromatids separated from another
Spindle fibres pull chromatids to opposite poles of cells
Meiosis' importance in producing gametes - ANS-1/2 chromosome number
produce haploid nucleus
when fertilised, diploid chromosome n. restored
allows genetic variation
thru independent assortment + crossing over
Pluripotent - ANS-can differentiate + give rise to many cell types
Function of flagellum - ANS-provides movements so that sperm can swim to egg
Function of mitochondria - ANS-Aerobic respiration
Produces ATP for movement
Function of acrosome - ANS-Contains acrosin
Digests zona pellucida
Golgi apparatus - ANS-Membrane bound sacs
Sacs in stacks
Flattened
No ribosomes
Golgi apparatus role - ANS-Modifies protein
Adds/trims carbohydrate chain
Packages proteins in secretory vesicles
Export by exocytosis
End result of mitosis - ANS-Chromatids separated
2 nuclei present
End result of S phase - ANS-DNA replicated
Quantity of DNA doubles
Process during cell specialisation - ANS-Chemical stimulus required
Causes some genes to be activated
mRNA transcription happens at activated gene
Translation happens and protein's formed
Protein modifies structure and function
Specialising the cell
Differences between tissues and organs - ANS-Tissues made of cells + organs made of
tissues
Organs have more functions than tissues
Tissues made of one type of cells + organs made of different tissues
, Polygenic inheritance - ANS-More than one gene for a single characteristic
On more than one locus
Continuou variation
Cortical reaction - ANS-Ensures that only one sperm fertilises the egg
Sieve tube element doesn't require rER and ribosomes as... - ANS-No mRNA so
ribosomes not required for translation
No proteins will be synthesised to be processed in the ER
Some bacteria grow rapidly in skin wounds as - ANS-Temp is warm, increasing rate of
reactions in bacteria
Availability of energy source from tissue
Availability of water for bacterial cell functions
Oxygen availability is good allowing areobic respiration
Advantages of eel having larger egg cell - ANS-Bigger target for sperm to hit, aids
fertilisation in open water
Larger egg has more lipid droplets
So it provides more energy can develop
How polypeptide is processed to make AFGP - ANS-Polypeptide chain moves thru ER
then Golgi apparatus.
Polypeptide's in rER
Carbohydrate added to Golgi apparatus
Protein's transported around cell in vesicle
How does each gamete receives only one allele of each gene - ANS-Homologous
chromosomes separated from one another in meiosis
Sister chromatids separated from another
Spindle fibres pull chromatids to opposite poles of cells
Meiosis' importance in producing gametes - ANS-1/2 chromosome number
produce haploid nucleus
when fertilised, diploid chromosome n. restored
allows genetic variation
thru independent assortment + crossing over
Pluripotent - ANS-can differentiate + give rise to many cell types
