NUR 635 Advanced Pharmacology Exam Questions and Answers

NUR 635 Advanced Pharmacology Exam Questions and Answers Pt on heparin in hospital setting. Why start coumadin 2 days before dc? - Correct Answer ️️ -Because coumadin needs a couple days before it starts working. Angina: bc pts dev tolerance to long-acting nitroglycerine w/i 1 day. How to prevent? - Correct Answer ️️ -Pts must have 8hrs with no nitroglycerine every days. Hint: At night, remove nitro patch bc no risk of exertional angina Underlying cause of angina - Correct Answer ️️ -coronary disease, athlerosclerosis Why do we give aspirin in pts w/atherosclerosis? - Correct Answer ️️ -Aspirin is an antiplatelet.. Prevents the existing plaques from getting bigger. Prevents plaque rupture. Cardio protective, prevents stroke, MI, CVA What is prescribed for angina pts w/DM? - Correct Answer ️️ -ACE inhibitors to protect the kidneys and nerves SE of high doses of aspirin? - Correct Answer ️️ -Tinnitus: ringing ears Pt education regarding Plavix(clopidogrel bisulfate)? - Correct Answer ️️ -Anti-platelet med. S/sx bleeding: blood in stool or vomit, excessive bruising, abd pain uterine bld, back pain, petichae. Interactions with EVERYTHING: OTC, herbals, supplements Pts on coumadin? What are we watching for? - Correct Answer ️️ -INR to check therapeutic levels. Half life is long. Check 12hrs after taking. What can be caused if pt started on heparin? - Correct Answer ️️ -day4, ordering blood work to check platelet count to observe for THROMBOCYTOPENIA coumadin and childbearing aged females - Correct Answer ️️ -Interactions with oral contraceptives- must have a back up method during time you're taking coumadin Pregnancy considerations and coumadin - Correct Answer ️️ -Need to monitor anti-Xa levels biggest food group interaction with coumadin - Correct Answer ️️ -Grapefruit, green leafy veggies. Why? high in vitamin K which counteracts warfarin Short duration: rapid acting insulin indication, MOA, usage - Correct Answer ️️ -Given w/meals Provide bs control between meals at night Can use in conjunction w/intermediate or long-acting agent lispro, aspart, gluulocene Short duration: short acting insulin indication, MOA, usage - Correct Answer ️️ -Before meals to control postprandial hyperglycemia Infused SQ via pump humulin/regular intermediate(humalin/novalin) duration insulin indication, MOA, usage - Correct Answer ️️ -BS control between meals and during the night Only one suitable for mixing w/short actings basal coverage Long duration: Insulin glargine U100 - Correct Answer ️️ -up to 24hrs, once daily subq dosing, basal coverage for DM1 or Dm2 Neostigmine is a medication uesd to tx what disease/disorder? - Correct Answer ️️ - Myastenia Gravis: AI disorder, antibodies destroy communication btw nerves and muscles. S/S weak skeletal muscles, voluntary muscles, dysphagia, ptosis Myasthenia gravis is an AI disorder that may cause what s/s? - Correct Answer ️️ - difficulty swallowing Medication must cross _____________ to affect CNS - Correct Answer ️️ -BBB Goal in Parkinson's tx is to restore ________________ in brain - Correct Answer ️️ - dopamine MCSE of dopaminergics - Correct Answer ️️ -sleep attacks, hallucinations, confusion Med appropriate to treat acute psychosis? - Correct Answer ️️ -Haloperidol ASE of first-generation antipsychotic(FGA) medications such as haloperidol, chlorpromazine: diff speaking, chewing - Correct Answer ️️ -tardive dyskinesia Med to help manage panic attacks? - Correct Answer ️️ -SSRI Cholinesterase inhibitors are used in tx of what conditon? - Correct Answer ️️ - Alzheimer's disease. MOA block normal breakdown of acetylocholine which increases their levels and duration of action in the CNS and PNS (neuromuscular junction). Also used in tx of myasthenia gravis Ex: neostigmine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine What are some diseases/disorders/conditions are anticonvulsants used to treat oth