Pharmacology: Pharmacology Basics Questions and Answers scored A

Pharmacology: Pharmacology Basics Questions and Answers scored A Pharmacodynamics - ANS- The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body, or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body. receptor - ANS- target substance on the cellular surface or within a cell response - ANS- biotransformation - ANS- drug is chemically changed in the body Tolerance - ANS- the drug effects diminish over time Addiction - ANS- dependence psychologically and physiologically to the drug Contraindications - ANS- the use of a drug in a manner which is dangerous and ill-advised Resistance - ANS- he lack of beneficial response Drug abuse - ANS- the use of any drug in a way that deviates from the manner in which it was prescribed Drug addiction - ANS- caused by excessive or continued use of habit-forming drugs Drug overdoses - ANS- can lead to adverse effects ranging from mild reactions to severe system damage to death. Drugs have been developed and studies have been done to assure the optimal dosages for effective treatment. Any drug taken that exceeds the optimal dose is an overdose. Drug underdosing - ANS- to taking less of a medication than is prescribed by a provider or a manufacturer's instruction Idiosyncratic responses(idiosyncrasy) - ANS- unpredictable drug toxicity. Every patient has a unique, idiosyncratic response to drug therapy. There may be little variation in patient response to drugs, but there may also be wide variation. Factors that influence the idiosyncratic effects of drugs are the following: body weight and composition age diet and nutrition ethnicity genetics pathophysiology immunity psychology environment Chronobiology - ANS- study of body rhythms Chronopharmacology - ANS- the study of the effect of such rhythms on the effectiveness of drugs Pharmacokinetics - ANS- describes what the body does to the drug Pharmacodynamics - ANS- describes what the drug does to the body Drug interactions - ANS- occur when one drug interacts with another drug you are taking or when your medications interact with what you eat or drink Adverse reactions - ANS- ny harmful, unintended effect of a medication in normal therapeutic use and that causes significant, sometimes life-threatening conditions Additive Action (1 + 1 = 2) - ANS- The combination of two drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each, then the drugs are called additive. 10% tumor kill plus 20% tumor kill gives a 30% tumor kill. antagonistic (1 + 1 = 0) - ANS- If two drugs give less than the additive effect