Pharmacology Chapters 1-13 Questions and Answers with verified solutions

Pharmacology Chapters 1-13 Questions and Answers with verified solutions Drug - ANS- Any substance that is taken to cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical condition. Pharmacology - ANS- The study of medicine. Pharmacotherapy/Pharmacotherapeutics - ANS- Application of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment of suffering. Indications and Contraindications - ANS- The conditions for which a drug is approved are its indications. Every drug has at least one indication. Some drugs are used for conditions for which they have not been approved; these are called unlabeled or off- label indications. Therapeutic classification - ANS- -Based on their usefulness in treating a specific disease -The key to therapeutic classification is to simply state what condition is being treated by the particular drug. -The prefix anti- refers to therapeutic classification. Pharmacologic Classification - ANS- -Addresses a drugs mechanism of action or how a drug produces its effect in the body. -More specific than therapeutic -Requires biochemistry and pathophysiology Chemical name - ANS- -Assigned using standard nomenclature. -A drug has only one chemical name -Helpful in predicting a drugs physical and chemical properties. Generic name - ANS- Name assigned by the United States Adopted Name Council. Less complicated and easy to remember. Trade Name - ANS- Sometimes called the proprietary product, or brand name is assigned by the pharmaceutical company maketing the drug. Exclusivity - ANS- Typical length of exclusivity for a new drug is 5 years. Combination drug - ANS- Drugs with more than one active generic ingredient. Pros and Cons of Generic Drugs - ANS- Generic drugs are less expensive than brand name drugs, by they may differ in bioavailability. (The rate at which drug produces its effect.) The nurses responsibility for knowledge in regards to pharmacotherapeutics... - ANS- Is what drug is ordered including name and drug classification, intended or proposed used, effects on the body, contraindications, special considerations (how age, weight, body fat distribution, and pathophysiologic states affect pharmacotheraputic response), expected and potential adverse events, why the drug was prescribed how the drug is supplied by the pharmacy, administration of the drug, and what considerations apply to the patient. The major goal to study pharmacology... - ANS- is to eliminate medication errors and to limit the number and severity of adverse drug events. To prevent medication errors RN's can - ANS- Routinely apply their experience and knowledge of pharmacotherapeutics to clinical practice. It is vital the nurse be prepared to cognized and respond to potential adverse effects of the medication. Pharmacotherapy and the older adult (pharmokinetic and pharmodynamics). - ANS- Normal aging processes can alter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics responses to drugs. Pharmacotherapy and the older adult (absorption) - ANS- Overall, absorption of nutrients and drugs tend to slow with aging. Pharmacotherapy and the older adult (plasma levels drug concentration in tissues) - ANS- Age related increases in fat storage cause lipid soluble drugs to be stored in the body for extended periods, leading to lower plasma levels and increased drug concentrations in the tissues. Age related changes in the liver - ANS- Include reduced hepatic function, decreased liver mass, diminished blood flow, and alteration in the activity of hepatic enzymes.