NURS 5315: Advanced Patho Exam 5|Latest Update Graded A+

NURS 5315: Advanced Patho Exam 5|Latest Update Graded A+ What are the key functions of the kidneys? Excretion of metabolic waste. Regulation of water and electrolyte balance Regulation of arterial BP Erythrocyte production 1, 25 -dihyydroxy vitamin production (calcitriol) Gluconeogenesis What metabolic waste do the kidneys excrete? Urea Creatinine Bilirubin Drugs Hormone metabolites How do the kidneys regulate arterial blood pressure? RAAS The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a critical regulator of blood volume, electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance. How do the kidneys regulate acid base balance? Exertion of H+ ions and reabsorption of sodium bicarb. How does blood flow into and out of the kidneys? In through the renal artery. i. Interlobal artery. ii. Arcuate arteries. iii. Capillary beds Out through the renal vein Renal capillary beds. 1. Afferent (glomerular capillaries) a. filtration 2. Efferent (peritubal capillaries) a. Water, electrolytes, substances exchanged between blood and filtrate making urine. b. Vasa recta (long efferent arterioles-extend through medullar glomerulus to form the juxtaglomerular cells) i. Regulate urine and serum concentration and volume. ii. Reabsorb filtrate to return to systemic circulation. How does filtrate and urine move through the kidney? 1. Bowmans capsule 2. Proximal tubule 3. Loop of Henle a. Descending (thin) b. Ascending (thick) 4. Macula densa 5. Distal tubule 6. Collecting tubule a.) 8-10 collecting tubules combine to form 7. Medullary collecting tubule 8. Collecting duct. 9. Renal pelvis