Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Disturbances Exam Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated)

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Disturbances Exam Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated) life and homeostasis - answerFluid and electrolyte balance is necessary for? To help prevent and treat fluid and electrolyte disturbances - answerWhat is the nursing role related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances? pH - answerThis is defined as a calculation of the percentage of hydrogen ions in a solution and the amount of acids and bases in the solution. 7.35 to 7.45 - answerNormal pH is? acidic - answerpH less than 7.35 is considered what? 60% - answerWhat percent of the typical adult is fluid? Age, body size, and gender - answerA persons percentage of body fluid varies with what three things? Intravascular, Interstitial, and Transcellular - answerWhat are the three types of extracellular fluids (ECF)? Third Spacing - answerWhat is the loss of ECF into a space that does not contribute to equilibrium? Active chemicals that carry positive and negative electrical charges - answerWhat are electrolytes? Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Hydrogen ions - answerWhat are the major cations? Chloride, Bicarbonate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Proteinate ions - answerWhat are the major anions? Sodium (normal value 135 - 145) - answerWhat is the major cation in ECF? Potassium (normal value 3.5 - 5.2) - answerWhat is the major cation in ICF? Hydrostatic pressure and Osmotic pressure - answerThe movement of fluid through capillary walls depends on what two things? Hydrostatic pressure - answerWhat is the pressure exerted on the walls of blood vessels called? Osmotic pressure - answerWhat is the pressure exerted by the protein in the plasma called? Osmosis - answerWhat is the movement of fluid from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration? Active Transport - answerWhat is the movement of particles up a concentration gradient requiring ATP? Diffusion - answerWhat is the movement of particles and ions from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration? Filtration - answerWhat is the movement of water and solutes from an area of higher hydrostatic pressure to an area of lower hydrostatic pressure through a selectively permeable membrane? dietary intake of fluid and food or enteral feedings as well as parenteral fluids - answerWhat are the routes of gain for a person? kidney (urine output), skin loss (sensible and insensible losses, lungs, GI tract, other) - answerWhat are the routes of loss for a person? Reduced homeostatic mechanisms such as cardiac/renal/and respiratory function, decreased body fluid precentage, medication use, presence of concomitant conditions - answerWhat are some considerations you should keep in mind for geriatric clients concerning gain and loss? Conditions occurring or existing concurrently - answerWhat are concommitant conditions? Hypovolemia - answerWhat is fluid volume deficit (FVD)? Hypervolemia - answerWhat is fluid volume excess (FVE)? Fluid Volume Deficit - answerWhen there is a loss of extracellular fluid which exceeds the intake ratio of water, and electrolytes are lost in the same proportion as they exist in normal body fluids; What fluid volume imbalance may occur? vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, sweating, decreased intake, and inability to gain access to fluid - answerWhat are the causes of Fluid Volume Deficit? diabetes insipidus, adrenal, insufficiency, osmotic diuresis, hemorrhage, coma, and third space shifts - answerWhat are the risk factors of Fluid Volume Deficit?