GACE Middle Grades Science 014 Exam Questions And Answers (Updated And Verified)

GACE Middle Grades Science 014 Exam Questions And Answers (Updated And Verified) Scientific method - answerobservation question hypothesis experiment analyze & conclusion hypothesis - answera possible explanation, that can be tested, for a set of observations (can be changed or modified) theory - answeralso referred to as a model, describes and explains why phenomena occur (can be changed or modified) law - answeralso referred to as a principle, is a statement summarizing conditions and observations independent variable - answeris the variable that you manipulate dependent variable - answerthe outcome variable of the test convenience sample - answerpeople who are willing/able to be tested clustered sample - answera sample based off of geographical location random sample - answera sample with equal chances to be tested stratified sample - answera sample where variables are identified in advance to keep it controlled empirical - answertype of data that is based off facts, numbers and stats from the real world quantitative - answerdata that is in numbers qualitative - answerdata that is non-numerical, usually anecdotal evidence - answerbody of facts and info formed from the data; should be verifiable and can be reproduced system - answera collection of parts that work together and influence one another cycles - answera series of connected events that repeat constancy - answerstates that do not change (homeostasis, equilibrium) change - answerto become different/modified (weather, butterflies) roger bacon - answercreated the scientific method copernicus - answerdevised the heliocentric theory, the sun is the center not earth galileo - answerinvented the telescope to support heliocentricism published the first scientific paper (Starry Messenger) newton - answerdeveloped the laws of motion and universal gravitation, created calculus, discovered white light is combination of all colors, reFLECting telescope atomic theory - answerthe explanation of matter and energy (elements) gregor mendel - answerfather of genetics was also a priest heredity - answerthe transmission of traits from parent to offspring allele - answerthe individual trait law of segregation - answerstates that each parent has 2 alleles but only 1 is passed law of individual assortment - answerstates that different pairs of alleles are passed independently of each other alfred wegner - answerdeveloped the theory of continental drift suggested all continents were once together (pangea) charles darwin - answersailed on the HMS Beagle as a naturalist to the galapagos islands where he studied many species, the finches led to idea of natural selection and wrote the first book Origin of Species 1st law of motion - answeran object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by another force 2nd law of motion - answerForce = mass X acceleration (issac newton) 3rd law of motion - answerfor every action there is an equal and opposite reaction metric system (SI) - answermeter, liter, kilogram, celsius, precision - answeralso referred to as reproducability, is how close together measurements are accuracy - answeris how correct data is scatter plot - answeris used to see how to quantitative variables relate to each other measures of central tendency - answerexplains tendency of 1 variable in a dataset: Mean, Median, Mode univariate data - answer1 variable that is analyzed to describe scenario: steam&leaf or box&whisker plot Mean - answerthe average of a set of numbers; this is best when numbers are close together. Does not work well with outliers Median - answerthe middle number in a set; this is best used with large skews of data. It gives an idea of the number above and below the midpoint random error - answeralso called chance error is neither precise nor accurate systematic error - answeralso called procedural error leads to precision not accuracy density - answer[ ]= mass/volume acid rain - answercreated when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen change chemically as they dissolve in water vapor in the atmosphere and return to earth as rain, snow, or fog. ph of 4.2-4.4 pH scales - answera scale that ranges from 0-14 with 7 as neutral air pollution - answerthe action of releasing particles and gases into the air point source pollution - answerpollution that can be traced to a specific source non-point source pollution - answerpollution that comes from many sources over a large area primary pollutant - answerharmful substances released into the air that can cause direct harm to people secondary pollutant - answerharmful substances formed from primary pollutant that react with the air