ZOOL 2403 Lecture Exam 2- Dr. Boros TTU Study Questions and Answers 2024

Root is to ____ as ganglion is to ___ - axons; cell bodies ventral is to ____ as dorsal is to _____ - motor; sensory white matter is to ____ as gray matter is to ____ - axons; cell bodies Spinal Meninges (three layers) - dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater Spinal Meninges functions - protect spinal cord and provide it with oxygen and nurtrients where is CSF - in subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater) CSF provides spinal cord with: - physical and chemical protection As you go down the spinal cord, the ____ white matter - less conus medullaris - caudal end of spinal cord; CNS cauda equina - spinal nerves inferior to conus medullaris; only contains axons; PNS divisions of spinal cord (CNS) - gray matter and white matter Gray Matter - composed of neuron cell bodies dorsal gray matter - cell bodies of sensory neurons receive and sum signals from PNS sensory neurons ventral gray matter - cell bodies of motor neurons receive and sum signals from brain motor neurons white matter - contains ascending and descending fiber (AXON) pathways ascending pathways - relays sensory info from spinal cord to brain descending pathways - relays motor info from brain to spinal cord spinal nerve divisions - dorsal root and ventral root dorsal root - contains axons cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion carry sensory info from peripheral receptors to spinal cord ventral root - contains axons cell bodies are in spinal cord carry motor info from spinal cord to muscles spinal nerves travel through ____ - intervertebral foramen spinal nerves are surrounded by ____ - connective tissue wrappings epineurium - outermost layer; surrounds entire spinal nerve; dense irregular CT perineurium - wraps axons into fasicles; dense irregular CT endoneurium - surround Shwann cell; loose CT lesion of spinal nerve= ____ nerves affected - sensory and motor lesion of dorsal root=___ axons affected - sensory lesion of ventral root= ___ axons affected - motor intercostal nerves innervate: - muscles of trunk skin of trunk spinal nerve plexus innervates - muscles of neck and limbs skin of neck and limbs cervical plexus innervates - muscles and skin of neck brachial plexus innervates - muscles and skin of pectoral girdle and upper limbs lumbrosacral plexus innervates - muscles and skin of pelvic girdle and lower limbs