JOURNALISM 190 TEST QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS!!

Communication - ANS the creation and use of symbol systems that convey information and meaning Culture - ANS the symbols of expression that individuals, groups, and societies use to make sense of daily life and to articulate their values Mass Media - ANS the cultural industries--the channels of communication--that produce and distribute songs, novels, TV shows, newspapers, movies, video games, Internet services, and other cultural products to large numbers of people Mass communication - ANS the process of designing cultural messages and stories and delivering them to large and diverse audiences through media channels as old and distinctive as the printed book and as new and converged as the internet Digital Communication - ANS images, texts, and sounds are converted (encoded) into electronic signals (represented as varied combinations of binary numbers--ones and zeros) that are then reassembled (decoded) as a precise reproduction of, say a TV picture, a magazine article, a song, or a telephone voice Senders - ANS authors, producers, and organizations Messages - ANS programs, texts, images, sounds, and ads Mass media channels - ANS newspapers, books, magazines, radio, television, or the Internet Receivers - ANS readers, views, and consumers Gatekeepers - ANS news editors, executive producers, and other media managers Selective Exposure - ANS seeking messages and producing meanings that correspond to their own cultural beliefs, values, and interests Emergence Stage - ANS inventors and technicians try to solve a particular problem, such as making pictures move, transmitting messages from ship to shore, or sending mail electronically Entrepreneurial Stage - ANS inventors and investors determine a practical and marketable use for the new device Mass Medium Stage - ANS businesses figure out how to market the new device or medium as a consumer product Convergence Stage - ANS older media are reconfigured in various forms of a newer media ARPAnet - ANS enabled military and academic researchers to communicate on a distributed network system Microprocessors - ANS miniature circuits that process and store electronic signals Fiber Optic Cable - ANS thin, glass bundles of fiber capable of transmitting thousands of messages simultaneously (via laser light) HTML - ANS the written code that creates Web pages and links; a language that all computers can read Browsers - ANS the software packages that help users navigate the Web Broadband - ANS can quickly download media content Search Engines - ANS an automated route to finding content by allowing users to enter key words or queries to locate related Web pages Content communities - ANS exist for the sharing of all types of content, from text to photos Semantic Web - ANS an example is Siri Telecommunications Act of 1996 - ANS overhauled the nation's communications regulations, most regional and long-distance phone companies and cable operators have competed against one another to provide connections to the Internet Cookies - ANS information profiles that are automatically collected and transferred between computer servers whenever users access Web sites Spyware - ANS information-gathering software that is often secretly bundled with free downloaded software Children's Internet Protection Act of 2000 - ANS requires that schools adn libraries that receive federal funding to Internet access to use software that filters out any visual content deemed obscene, pornographic, or harmful to minors, unless disabled at the request of adult users Digital Divide - ANS refers to the growing contrast between the "information haves" and the "information have nots" Net Neutrality - ANS the principle that every Web site and every user, whether a multinational corporation or you, has the right to the same Internet network speed Partisan Press - ANS published the plan of the particular political group that subsidized the paper Penny Papers - ANS growth of literacy, cheap paper, more inclusive press Human-Interest Stories - ANS news accounts that focus on the daily trials and triumphs of the human condition, often featuring ordinary individuals facing extraordinary challenges Wire service - ANS relayed news stories and information around the country and the world using telegraph lines and, later, radio waves and digital transmissions Yellow Journalism - ANS emphasized profitable papers that carried exciting human-interest stories, crime news, large headlines, and more ready copy Investigative Journalism - ANS news reports that hunt out and expose corruption, particularly in business and government Objective Journalism - ANS distinguishes factual reports from opinion columns, modern reporters strive to maintain a neutral attitude toward the issue or even they cover; they also search out competing points of view among the sources for a story Inverted-pyramid style - ANS answered the "who, what, where, when (and , less frequently why or how)" questions at the top of the story and then narrowed down the story to presumable less significant details Interpretive Journalism - ANS aims to explain key issues or events and place them in a broader historical or social context Literary Journalism - ANS adapted fictional techniques, such as descriptive details and setting and extensive character dialogue, to nonfiction material and in-depth reporting Consensus-oriented journalism - ANS carrying articles on local schools, social events, town government, property crimes, and zoning issues Conflict-oriented journalism - ANS front-page news is often defined primarily as events, issues, or experiences that deviate from social norms Newshole - ANS space not taken up by ads Feature syndicates - ANS commercial outlets that contracted with newspapers to provide work from the nation's best political writers, editorial cartoonists, comic-strip artists, and self-help columnists Newspaper chain - ANS a company that owns several papers throughout the country Joint Operating Agreement - ANS two competing papers keep separate news divisions while merging business and production operations for a period of years Paywall - ANS charging a fee for online access to news content Citizen journalism - ANS activist amateurs and concerned citizens, not profession journalists, who use the Internet and blogs to disseminate news and information Walter Lippmann's Press Responsibilities - ANS Supply facts for the record, give analysis, and advocate plans Alternative Newspapers - ANS inspired by socialists; worked to challenge mainstream depictions of news, dissatisfied with "objective news"