NEUROSCIENCE, EXPLORING THE BRAIN 4TH EDITION PART 1, CHAPTER 2 2024 VERIFIED AND UPDATED VERSION

NEUROSCIENCE, EXPLORING THE BRAIN 4TH EDITION PART 1, CHAPTER 2 2024 VERIFIED AND UPDATED VERSION Neuron - √√sense changes in the environment, communicate these changes to other neurons, and command the body's response to these sensations Glial Cell - √√contribute to the brain function mainly by insulating, supporting, and nourishing neighboring neurons -derived from the greek word for glue histology - √√microscopic study of the structure of tissue nissl stain - √√stain discovered by Franz Nissl to stain neurons, showing neuron and glial distinction cytoarchitecture - √√cellular arrangement golgi stain - √√a more detailed stain, Silver chromate, discovered to be a stain by Camillo Golgi cell body - √√cell nucleus, soma, preikaryon, cell body Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm soma - √√cell nucleus, soma(somata), preikaryon(perikarya), cell body perikaryon - √√cell nucleus, soma, preikaryon, cell body neurite - √√the strands/tubes that radiate from the cell body A thin tube extending from a neuronal cell body: two types are axons and dendrites axon - √√the long strand, uniform in diameter, upwards of extending 1m or more, sender A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. dendrite - √√Short strands that come from the cell body, taper to fine point, rarely more than 2mm, receiver Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information. neuron doctrine - √√the idea that cell theory also applied to neurons, communication via contact not continuity !!The idea that individual cells transmit signals in the nervous system, and that these cells are not continuous with other cells as proposed by nerve net theory cytosol - √√salty, potassium rich solution(watery fluid) that is separated from the outside by the neuronal membrane !!The soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes. organelle - √√membrane enclosed structures within the cell !!A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell cytoplasm - √√the collective everything within the cell membrane !!A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended nucleus - √√the center, spherical mass of the cell -derived from the latin word for nut