PSY 121 Exam 1 McNew MSU Questions with well explained answers

Titchener - Structuralism: Structure or basic elements of the mind Freud - Psychoanalysis: Unconscious motivators of behavior Wertheimer - Gestalt Psychology: Perceptions of patterns and whole figures James - Functionalism: how mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play Wundt - Introspection: Examining one's own mental activities Pavlov&Watson - Behaviorism: observable behavior Four goals of psychology? - Control, Explain, Predict, Describe Cognitive - thinking, process, interpreting Sociocultural - how you interact with a group Psychodynamic - unconscious Behavioral - actions, observed Biopsychological - hormones, how you are who you are Evolutionary - based on ancestorsHumanistic - free will, people do what they do Information processing - focuses on the way info is processed through different stages of memory (sensory, short, long). Computer, encode, store, retrieval, sequential Parallel-Distributed Processing - Focuses on simultaneous processing of info across multiple neural networks. Levels of Processing Model - Focuses on depth of processing that occurs. Iconic - Sensory/Visual info Echoic - Auditory info George Miller - 7+/- 2 is how much humans can retain in STM Procedural - LTM, involves motor skills Semantic Memory - facts and general knowledge Episodic Memory - Experienced yourself Elaborative - Meaningful Maintenance - Pull from memory (repetition) Distributed - over a course of time Proactive - Old gets in way of newRetroactive - New gets in way of old Fundamental Attribution Error - Automatically thinks disposition Steps for a person to help - Noticing Defining as emergency taking responsibility Planning Taking action