NCLEX: Mark Klimek - Lecture 1 (Acid/Base Balance) Questions And Answers With Verified Study Solutions

What are the normal pH values? - Answer-7.35-7.45 What are the normal CO2 values? - Answer-35-45 What are the normal HCO3 values? - Answer-22-26 If pH is <7.35, the acid-base imbalance is... - Answer-Acidic If pH is >7.35, the acid-base imbalance is... - Answer-Alkalotic If the pH and Bicarb move in the SAME direction, then the acid-base imbalance is... - Answer-Metabolic If the pH and Bicarb move in the OPPOSITE direction, then the acid-base imbalance is... - AnswerRespiratory (Example #1) Metabolic or respiratory? pH=7.3, HCO3=20 - Answer-Metabolic acidosis (Example #2) Metabolic or respiratory? pH=7.58, HCO3=32 - Answer-Metabolic alkalosis (Example #3) Metabolic or respiratory? pH=7.22, HCO3=35 - Answer-Respiratory acidosis "As the pH goes... - Answer-... so goes my patient, except for potassium." If pH goes over 7.45, s/s include... - Answer-pH is up, so my patient goes up... except for potassium.Tachycardia, tachypnea, HTN, seizures, irritability, spastic, diarrhea, borborygmic (increased bowel sounds), hyperreflexia (3+, 4+)..... HYPOkalemia! What is the nursing intervention for s/s of ALKALOSIS? - Answer-Patient needs suctioning because of seizures. If pH goes below 7.35, s/s include... - Answer-pH is down, so my patient goes down... except for potassium. Bradycardia, bradypnea, low BP, coma, flaccid, obtunded/lethargic, constipation, absent bowel sounds, hyporeflexia (0, 1+)... HYPERkalemia! What is the nursing intervention for s/s of ACIDOSIS? - Answer-Respiratory arrest -- Patient needs to be ventilated with an Ambu bag! "MAC Kussmaul" helps you to remember that... - Answer-Metabolic ACidosis is the only acid-base imbalance that causes Kussmaul respirations (deep, rapid breathing). Causes of acid-base imbalances: First ask yourself, "Is it LUNG?" If yes, then it's _______. - AnswerRespiratory Causes of acid-base imbalance: If under-ventilated, then it's _______. - Answer-Acidosis Causes of acid-base imbalance: If over-ventilated, then it's _______. - Answer-Alkalosis What type of acid-base derangement is present in the following condition: Drowning? - AnswerRespiratory acidosis pH is decreased due to underventilation. What type of acid-base derangement is present in the following condition: Being in labor? - AnswerRespiratory alkalosispH is increased due to overventilation. What type of acid-base derangement is present in the following condition: Patient is on PCA (PatientControlled Anesthesia)? - Answer-Respiratory acidosis pH is decreased due to underventilation. Causes of acid-base imbalances: First ask yourself, "Is it LUNG?" If no, then it's _______. - AnswerMetabolic If the patient has prolonged gastric vomiting or suction of acid, pick which acid-base imbalance? - Answer-Metabolic alkalosis For anything else that is "NO" for LUNG and does not involve prolonged vomiting or suctioning, pick which acid-base imbalance? - Answer-Metabolic acidosis