UNT PSYC EXAM 1 QUESTIONS VERIFIED CORRECTLY TO SCORE A+

PSYC TUTOR - Answer- Sage 315 (Chapter. 1) Psychology - Answer-discipline concern with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's external and internal environment -based on research and empirical evidence -psychology is NOT pseudoscientific competitors, such as astrologers and psychics or "psychobabble" What is Critical Thinking? - Answer-helps people evaluate competing findings on psychological issues that are personally and socially important -look for flaws in arguments -study psychology allows critical thinking skills and attitudes to improve Critical Thinking Guidelines - Answer-1. ask questions: be willing to wonder 2. define your terms 3. examine the evidence 4. Analyze assumptions and biases 5. Avoid emotional reasoning 6. Don't oversimplify 7.Consider other interpretations 8. tolerate uncertainty First psychologist - Answer-William Wundt Structuralism - Answer-emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements -soon abandoned, because of its reliance on introspection (explaining your behavior or thoughts) Functionalism - Answer-purpose of behavior and consciousness-Charles Darwin -one of its leading proponents was William James -Emphasized causes and consequences of behavior, which shaped future psychological theory Psychoanalysis - Answer--sigmund freud -emphasized unconscious causes of mental and emotional problems -argued that conscious awareness is merely the tip of a mental iceberg -freudian concepts have been profoundly influential -however, they are rejected by a majority of empirically oriented psychologists 4 perspectives in psychology - Answer-1.Biological 2.Learning 3.Cognitive 4.Socio-cultural Biological perspective - Answer-emphasizes bodily events associated with actions,thoughts, and feelings, as well as genetic contributions to behavior -electrical impulses -hormones -chemical substances evolutionary psychology Learning perspective - Answer-emphasizes how the environment and a person's history affect behavior -within this perspective, behaviorists reject mentalistic explanations -social-cognitive learning theorists combine elements of behaviorism with the study of: -thoughts -values -intentionsCognitive perspective - Answer-Mental processes in perception -problem solving -belief formation -other human activities focuses on how people thoughts effect peoples choices and actions Sociocultural perspective - Answer-explores how an individual's beliefs and behavior are affected by: -social contexts -cultural rules focuses on how rules and values, both explicit and unspoken, affect people's: -development -behavior -feelings Feminist Psychology - Answer-focuses on social inequities: -gender relations -the behavior of the two sexes feminist psychology has influenced: -the questions researchers ask -the methods they use -their awareness of sexist biases in the field Minority groups also raised awareness to issues pertaining to -ethnicity -culture -sexual orientationall to have more representations and examples of all human beings (intersectionality) Psychotherapists - Answer-is an unregulated term for anyone who does any kind of psychotherapy -the term includes people who have no credentials or training at all Psychiatrists - Answer-have an MD Psychoanalysts - Answer-trained in psychoanalytic institutes Clinical psychologists - Answer-have a Ph.d (Chapter. 2) Theories - Answer-systems of assumptions and principles that try to explain a specified set of phenomena. -many scientific theories are tentative, pending more research. -Others, such as the theory of evolution, are accepted by nearly all scientists. Hypotheses - Answer-derived from a theory -they are precise statements that describe or explain a given behavior - a hypothesis leads to predictions about what will happen in a particular situation -hypotheses must be testable and falsifiable; they must be disprovable.