PORTAGE LEARNING: A&P 1 MODULE 5 - MUSCULAR SYSTEM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%

PORTAGE LEARNING: A&P 1 MODULE 5 - MUSCULAR
SYSTEM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, smooth


skeletal muscle
have blood & nervous supply to provide movement under conscious control


What does it mean that skeletal muscles are under conscious control?
meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action


Communication to coordinate movement starts where?
In the brain with a message sent through the spinal cord & eventually attaches to a muscle


What is included in the central nervous system?
brain and spinal cord


The CNS (brain and spinal cord) connect to?
peripheral nervous system


What do peripheral nerves do
carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement


peripheral nerves
carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement


examples of peripheral nerves
spinal nerves (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, and the radial
nerve.


Motor action
(CNS to Muscle) Message from CNS to a muscle is called motor actions


Sensory Input (sensation)
(Environment to nerves to CNS) Information sent from external environment by nerves to the central
nervous system


Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord) connect to
Peripheral Nervous system


Examples of peripheral nerves
1. spinal nerves (lumbar, thoracic, cervical)
2. Upper trunk of the brachial plexus
3. Radial nerve

,Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Carries information into and out of the CNS
- carry communication from CNS to muscle AND carry info from environment to CNS


describe the difference between tendons and ligaments
tendons are connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone at the end.

Ligaments are connective tissue that connect bone to bone. Helping to stabilize joints where bone
meets.


Tendons
connective tissue that connects muscle to bone


Origin vs insertion of a muscle
Origin is a fixed stationary point; insertion is the place that is moved during a muscle contraction


origin
muscles attach to non movable bone


insertion
muscles attach to movable bone


Muscle action
effect produced by a muscle contraction
- named for action they produce, e.g., flexor or extensor
- i.e. tricep is the primary extensor of the forearm


Innervation
a peripheral nerve that supplies muscle with a message from brain


describe muscle action and innervation?
Action of muscle is what effect is produced by the muscle's contraction

The innervation is the peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with the message from the brain.


How many total cranial nerves
12


Where do cranial nerves originate and control?
On the ventral surface of brain
&
controll muscles function of several organs & glands


MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

, List all the muscles of the facial expression: (8)
BOOM - ZRFT

1. Obicularis Oculi
2. Obicularis Oris
3. Zygomaticus major/minor
4. Risorius
5. Frontalis (occipitofrontailis)
6. Buccinator
7. Masseter
8. Temporalis


Orbicularis Oculi
close eye; facial nerve CN VII


Orbicularis Oris
closes mouth, protrudes lips, presses lips to teeth; facial nerve CN VII


Zygomaticus Major
Action: pulls corners of lips upward
Innervation: facial nerve CN VII
Inferior to zygomaticus minor
(cheek bone)


Zygomaticus Major
- Action: pulls corners of lips upward

- Innervation: facial nerve CN VII
Inferior to zygomaticus minor
(cheek bone)


Risorius
- pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grinning)
- cranial nerve CN VII
(attaches to corner of mouth)


frontalis (occipitofrontailis)
- action: raise eyebrows; wrinkle forehead
- Cranial Nerve VII;


Buccinator
- compresses cheek;
- innervation: cranial nerve VII
- location: deep to zygomaticus


Masseter
- closes jaw;