PORTAGE LEARNING: A&P 1 MODULE 2 WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
What are the three main functions of the respiratory system (anatomical organization)?
1) Air conduction, 2) Air filtration, and 3) Exchange of Gases. (also called respiration)
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Identify the hard palate vs. the soft palate
True or false: the rings that cover the trachea are a complete circle.
False: the cartilaginous rings of the trachea do not meet on the posterior side
Posterior view of the larynx ("voice box"):
Label A-
Label B-
Label C-
Label D-
Label E-
Label F-
Label G-
What important steps need to happen during the swallowing process to prevent aspiration?
. 1- The larynx rises and 2- the trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly,
covering the trachea (to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs).
Why does the soft palate elevate during swallowing?
The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages
during swallowing.
What is the glottis?
An opening in the larynx where the vocal cords (vocal folds) are located.
What is aspiration?
Food or liquid that accidentally enters the trachea (then lungs)
True or False? The left lung has three lobes
False. The left lung has two lobes. The right lung has three lobes.
Name two functions of the pleura
Facilitates movement of lungs with body wall. Enclose the lungs/pleural cavity
What is the major histology type in the respiratory system?
Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium.
, What is the name of the "floor" of the epithelium in the respiratory tract?
Basement membrane
Why are the cells in the respiratory epithelium called columnar cells?
"Rectangular" in shape; taller than they are wide
What are the wine-glass shaped mucous-producing cells?
Goblet cells
Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found in the respiratory system?
Vestibule of the nose
Describe the purpose of surfactant.
Covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together during exhalation.
List and describe the two types of alveolar epithelium.
Type 1, Type II
Type I form the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli in junction with capillaries.
Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface to
keep the alveoli open. In addition, Type II cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells.
What is the most abundant cell found within the alveoli?
Alveolar macrophages
Be familiar with the diagram of the alveoli.
Explain the steps necessary for inhalation.
Negative pressure is used to move air into the lungs:
A negative pressure environment is created inside the lungs by the pleural space.
The motion of the rib cage: the rib cage lifts superiorly and anteriorly to open and expand the lungs.
The diaphragm: The diaphragm is flattened as it contracts, pulling the lungs open
As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the density of the gases
filling the lungs decreases
Because air pressure outside of the lungs is now greater than inside (where there is negative
pressure), air will naturally flow into the lungs.
What is meant that "negative pressure" is created inside the lungs?
This means that the pressure inside this space is less than that of the atmosphere, allowing air to
naturally flow into the lungs.
True or false: Exhalation is an active process.
Exhalation (or expiration) passively occurs. When the rib cage is lowered and the diaphragm rises,
thoracic pressure increases and therefore air moves out of the lungs where the pressure is lower.
What is the function of hemoglobin?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
What are the three main functions of the respiratory system (anatomical organization)?
1) Air conduction, 2) Air filtration, and 3) Exchange of Gases. (also called respiration)
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Identify the hard palate vs. the soft palate
True or false: the rings that cover the trachea are a complete circle.
False: the cartilaginous rings of the trachea do not meet on the posterior side
Posterior view of the larynx ("voice box"):
Label A-
Label B-
Label C-
Label D-
Label E-
Label F-
Label G-
What important steps need to happen during the swallowing process to prevent aspiration?
. 1- The larynx rises and 2- the trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly,
covering the trachea (to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs).
Why does the soft palate elevate during swallowing?
The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages
during swallowing.
What is the glottis?
An opening in the larynx where the vocal cords (vocal folds) are located.
What is aspiration?
Food or liquid that accidentally enters the trachea (then lungs)
True or False? The left lung has three lobes
False. The left lung has two lobes. The right lung has three lobes.
Name two functions of the pleura
Facilitates movement of lungs with body wall. Enclose the lungs/pleural cavity
What is the major histology type in the respiratory system?
Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium.
, What is the name of the "floor" of the epithelium in the respiratory tract?
Basement membrane
Why are the cells in the respiratory epithelium called columnar cells?
"Rectangular" in shape; taller than they are wide
What are the wine-glass shaped mucous-producing cells?
Goblet cells
Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found in the respiratory system?
Vestibule of the nose
Describe the purpose of surfactant.
Covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together during exhalation.
List and describe the two types of alveolar epithelium.
Type 1, Type II
Type I form the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli in junction with capillaries.
Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface to
keep the alveoli open. In addition, Type II cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells.
What is the most abundant cell found within the alveoli?
Alveolar macrophages
Be familiar with the diagram of the alveoli.
Explain the steps necessary for inhalation.
Negative pressure is used to move air into the lungs:
A negative pressure environment is created inside the lungs by the pleural space.
The motion of the rib cage: the rib cage lifts superiorly and anteriorly to open and expand the lungs.
The diaphragm: The diaphragm is flattened as it contracts, pulling the lungs open
As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the density of the gases
filling the lungs decreases
Because air pressure outside of the lungs is now greater than inside (where there is negative
pressure), air will naturally flow into the lungs.
What is meant that "negative pressure" is created inside the lungs?
This means that the pressure inside this space is less than that of the atmosphere, allowing air to
naturally flow into the lungs.
True or false: Exhalation is an active process.
Exhalation (or expiration) passively occurs. When the rib cage is lowered and the diaphragm rises,
thoracic pressure increases and therefore air moves out of the lungs where the pressure is lower.
What is the function of hemoglobin?
