PORTAGE LEARNING A AND P 1 MODULE 1. WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
What is Anatomy and Physiology?
Anatomy and physiology are studies of how the human body works. Anatomy focuses on the
structure of the body and how it is designed, and physiology looks at how the body functions
If you're studying the body at the chemical level, what is the smallest building block?
Atoms
What is the order of organization from Atoms to Organism?
Atom
Molecule
macromolecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
What is tissue and what are the 4 basic types?
Tissues are groups of cells that perform a common function.
The four basic tissue types in the human body are
epithelium,
muscle,
connective,
and nervous tissue,
each of which is made up of specific cell types that perform specific functions
What is the role of epithelial tissue?
covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body. The cells that make up epithelial tissue are
specialized for tasks such as secretion and absorption
The structure of epithelial tissue contains closely packed cells with very little matrix (layer outside the
cells). Epithelial tissue can be found as one layer or in many layers. These cells are under constant cell
division to replace dead cells that shed away.
What is the role of muscle tissue?
Muscle tissue enables us to move (Figure 1.3). The cells that make up muscle tissue are specialized for
muscle contraction.
What is the role of connective tissue?
,Connective tissue (Figure 1.4) offers support and protection of body organs and includes bones,
tendons, blood, and ligaments. Connective tissue cells are specialized to bind tissues together and
play a supportive role.
What is the role of nervous system tissue?
Nervous tissue (Figure 1.5) is responsible for the communication between the cells of the body by
forming a system of electrical impulses that communicate very rapidly. Nerves are like the “wiring” of
the body.
What are the three layers of the integumentary system?
Epi-Dermis (surface)
Dermis- Contains pressure sensors, sweat glands, hair follicles
Hypodermis- Mostly fat for insulation and protection
What is the role of the skeletal system?
Serves as the framework for the muscular system and supports the body organs. The skeletal system
also provides protection for internal organs and houses blood cells as well as stores minerals. The
skeletal system provides the framework for which the muscles attach.
What are the three types of muscle fibers?
Skeletal muscle fibers
Cardiac muscle fibers
Smooth muscle fibers
What is the role of the digestive system?
Breaks down food into small molecules. Those molecules enter the bloodstream through the small
intestine and supply the body with nutrients
What are the 4 layers that make up the small intestine?
Serosa
mucosa
sub-mucosa
Muscularis
What is the function of the endocrine system?
Made up of glands (Figure 1.11) that make hormones, which regulate the reproductive system and
the metabolism of the body.
What are the primary endocrine glands?
, Primary endocrine organs: thyroid gland, adrenal glands (hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland
all inside the brain)
What is metabolism?
is all the chemical reactions that take place in the body that enable us to function
What is anabolism?
is the synthesizing of more complex structures from simpler ones
What is catabolism?
is the breakdown of substances into their simpler building blocks
What is the order of ATP creation and how many get made from one molecule of glucose?
The Creation of ATP:
Step 1: glycolysis,
Step 2: citric acid cycle,
Step 3: electron transport system.
In total, this process can create up to 38 ATP from one glucose molecule to fuel cellular processes
What is the role of the lymphatic system?
Responsible for immunity and fighting off disease. The lymphatic system is also a part of the
circulatory system. It has a complex network of vessels and nodes that allow for the excess fluid to
drain back to the heart.
What is the role of the cardiovascular system?
Made up of blood vessels that move blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body.
What are the major organs and vessels of the lymphatic system?
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph vessel
Lymph nodes
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Involved in excretion of the waste CO2, which is a byproduct of metabolism. The respiratory system
also keeps the blood supplied with oxygen.
What is the role of the urinary system?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
What is Anatomy and Physiology?
Anatomy and physiology are studies of how the human body works. Anatomy focuses on the
structure of the body and how it is designed, and physiology looks at how the body functions
If you're studying the body at the chemical level, what is the smallest building block?
Atoms
What is the order of organization from Atoms to Organism?
Atom
Molecule
macromolecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
What is tissue and what are the 4 basic types?
Tissues are groups of cells that perform a common function.
The four basic tissue types in the human body are
epithelium,
muscle,
connective,
and nervous tissue,
each of which is made up of specific cell types that perform specific functions
What is the role of epithelial tissue?
covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body. The cells that make up epithelial tissue are
specialized for tasks such as secretion and absorption
The structure of epithelial tissue contains closely packed cells with very little matrix (layer outside the
cells). Epithelial tissue can be found as one layer or in many layers. These cells are under constant cell
division to replace dead cells that shed away.
What is the role of muscle tissue?
Muscle tissue enables us to move (Figure 1.3). The cells that make up muscle tissue are specialized for
muscle contraction.
What is the role of connective tissue?
,Connective tissue (Figure 1.4) offers support and protection of body organs and includes bones,
tendons, blood, and ligaments. Connective tissue cells are specialized to bind tissues together and
play a supportive role.
What is the role of nervous system tissue?
Nervous tissue (Figure 1.5) is responsible for the communication between the cells of the body by
forming a system of electrical impulses that communicate very rapidly. Nerves are like the “wiring” of
the body.
What are the three layers of the integumentary system?
Epi-Dermis (surface)
Dermis- Contains pressure sensors, sweat glands, hair follicles
Hypodermis- Mostly fat for insulation and protection
What is the role of the skeletal system?
Serves as the framework for the muscular system and supports the body organs. The skeletal system
also provides protection for internal organs and houses blood cells as well as stores minerals. The
skeletal system provides the framework for which the muscles attach.
What are the three types of muscle fibers?
Skeletal muscle fibers
Cardiac muscle fibers
Smooth muscle fibers
What is the role of the digestive system?
Breaks down food into small molecules. Those molecules enter the bloodstream through the small
intestine and supply the body with nutrients
What are the 4 layers that make up the small intestine?
Serosa
mucosa
sub-mucosa
Muscularis
What is the function of the endocrine system?
Made up of glands (Figure 1.11) that make hormones, which regulate the reproductive system and
the metabolism of the body.
What are the primary endocrine glands?
, Primary endocrine organs: thyroid gland, adrenal glands (hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland
all inside the brain)
What is metabolism?
is all the chemical reactions that take place in the body that enable us to function
What is anabolism?
is the synthesizing of more complex structures from simpler ones
What is catabolism?
is the breakdown of substances into their simpler building blocks
What is the order of ATP creation and how many get made from one molecule of glucose?
The Creation of ATP:
Step 1: glycolysis,
Step 2: citric acid cycle,
Step 3: electron transport system.
In total, this process can create up to 38 ATP from one glucose molecule to fuel cellular processes
What is the role of the lymphatic system?
Responsible for immunity and fighting off disease. The lymphatic system is also a part of the
circulatory system. It has a complex network of vessels and nodes that allow for the excess fluid to
drain back to the heart.
What is the role of the cardiovascular system?
Made up of blood vessels that move blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body.
What are the major organs and vessels of the lymphatic system?
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph vessel
Lymph nodes
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Involved in excretion of the waste CO2, which is a byproduct of metabolism. The respiratory system
also keeps the blood supplied with oxygen.
What is the role of the urinary system?
