FNDH 400 Final Exam | 100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version

If consuming a no carbohydrate diet, what would the brain use as its primary energy source? Where would these come from? Why does it use these and not fatty acids? - The brain would have to use ketone bodies as its primary energy source since it is unable to use carbohydrates and also unable to go through beta oxidation and utilize fatty acids. The ketone bodies would come from the liver. Your friend rarely drinks alcohol, but at a social event is drinking heavily. How would he/she be metabolizing the alcohol? What would it be metabolized to and at what intermediate does it join macronutrient metabolism products? - First my friend would be metabolizing the alcohol consumed by ADH, once its capacity was exceeded the MEOS system would be metabolizing it. They metabolize it to acetaldehyde and then ALDH metabolizes it to acetyl-CoA which is the metabolite that is a central point of macronutrient metabolism. Why does the liver secrete glucose, but the muscle does not? - Because the liver has glucose-6- phosphatase while the muscle does not. This enzymes cleaves the phosphate group off of glucose-6- phosphate so that glucose can be secreted DIAAS V PCDAAS - PDCAAS uses total digestibility, a single reference pattern, and is truncated DIAAS uses ideal digestibility, multiple ref. patterns, & is not truncated AAS V PDCAAS - PDCAAS takes into account protein digestibility along with the amino acid score sucrose v high fructose corn syrup - The fructose in sucrose is bonded to glucose, so it will result in the same free fructose available for uptake as HFCS where fructose is free already. linoleic acid v. alpha-linoleic acid - Eicosanoid production from linoleic acid (omega 6) elongated fatty acids are more inflammatory than those produced from alpha-linoleic acid (omega3) elongated fatty acids good, not fermented, decreasing - Sugar alcohols are a ____ option for chewing gum because they are ___ by bacteria in the mouth, ____ acid production and thus decreasing cavity formation.Bile - Bile is synthesized by the liver and concentrated in the gallbladder and helps emulsify lipids. alpha 1-6 bonds, oligosaccharides, decreasing - Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the ___in ____ thereby ___ the fermentation by the microbiota in the colon decreasing gas production that can lead to flatulence 6 fructoses and 1 glucose - This compound is selectively fermented by beneficial colon bacteria and is both an oligosaccharide and a prebiotic. Galactose, beta, glucose, lactose - ___ is seldom found in nature a