Major Theories & Theorists – NCE Exam Review |Graded A+| 100% Correct #latest

Major Theories & Theorists – NCE Exam Review |Graded A+| 100% Correct #latest THEORISTS *Ans* Behavorists are...(list all) *Ans* John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Joseph Wolpe & B.F Skinner Erik Erikson's 8 Psychosocial Stages *Ans* States that growth is orderly, universal, & systematic. 1) Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 1.5) 2) autonomy vs. shame & doubt ( 1.5 to 3) 3) initiative vs. guilt (3 to 6) 4) industry vs. inferiority (6 to 11) 5) identity vs. role confusion (12 to 18) 6) intimacy vs. isolation (18 to 35) 7) gererativity vs. stagnation (35 to 60) 8) integrity vs. despair (65 and on) Jean Piaget's Qualitative 4 Stages of Cognitive Development (Genetic Epistemology) *Ans* 1) Sensorimoter (birth to 2) 2) Preoperational (2 to 7) 3) Concrete Operations (7 to 12) 4) Formal Operations 11.5 to 16) Define Schema (JP) *Ans* Patterns of thought & behavior Define Adaptation (JP) *Ans* occurs qualitatively when the individual fits information into existing ideas (also known as assimilation) & modifies cognitive schemata to incorporate new information (known as accommodation). **Assimilation & accommodation are said to be complementary processes - the ages can vary in Piagetian stages, but the order is static. Object Permanence (JP) *Ans* occurs in the sensiomotor stage -an object still exists, even if the child can't see it. Centration (JP) *Ans* act of focusing on one aspect of something. Key factor in proportional stage. Conservation (JP) *Ans* takes place in the concrete operations stage. Child knows that volume & quantity do not change, just because the appearance of an object changes. Change in shape does not equal change in volume (skinny tall glass vs. short stout glass) Abstract Scientific Thinking (JP) *Ans* formal operations stage