DAANCE module 3 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

DAANCE module 3 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Basic requirements of an anesthetic - answerLack of toxicity Non-flammable Preferably non-addictive Minimal allergenicity The components of balanced anesthesia (4) - answerAnalgesia Amnesia Relaxation Loss of consciousness (hypnosis) Hypnosis - answerFeeling of being asleep. Agents which are most effective in providing loss of consciousness and hypnosis are proposal and barbiturates such as methohexital (brevital.) Relaxation and immobility - answerSX is often performed adjacent to important anatomical structures such as nerves of the face and neck so it is essential that the pt. Be relaxed and immobile during the procedure. Benzodiazepines used: versed, propofol, brevital, ketamine. Amnesia - answerFailure to remember events related to surgery. The agents that provide the most effective amnesia are benzodiazepines like versed (midazolam) and valum (diazepam) Analgesia - answerinability to feel pain Drugs used to achieve: ketamine, fentanyl. Additional desirable attributes of an anesthetic - answerMaintenance of the body's homeostatic mechanisms. (BP, HR.) Rapid, smooth comfortable induction Freedom of post operative nausea and vomiting Retention of sufficient pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes to prevent aspiration but predispose pt to laryngospasm. Post of euphoria Rapid recovery and readiness for discharge Easily adapted and used for children and seniors Capable of easy administration with familiar equipment and supplies A technique well documented in the anesthesia literature and consistent with techniques currently used by anesthesiologists Cost effective 5 primary areas within the CNS where anesthetics work - answer1. The centers of emotion 2. The centers of wakefulness 3. The relay center 4. Opioid receptors 5. The vital centers The centers of emotion - answerBenzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium) and midazolam (versed) exert their effects in the centers of emotion and reduce anxiety. (They are anxiolytics.) The centers of wakefulness - answerThere are radiators from the base of the brain to the cerebral cortex that maintain our state of wakefullness. Agents such as propofol and methohexital interrupt these radiations and induce a state of hypnosis or sleep. The relay center - answerIn the core of the brain, there is a relay that passes sensory inputs such as painful stimuli, pleasant sites, etc. to the cerebral cortex. Agents such as ketamine disrupt the relay, which then isolates the pt. From their environment (dissociative anesthesia.) Opioid receptors - answerOpioid receptors are the centers that largely receive painful stimuli and initiate the brains recognition of a painful stimulus.