NUSCTX 10 FINAL (Midterm 1) Questions & Answers Already Graded A +

Which organelle participates in the chemical processes that transfers energy from the chemical bonds of nutrient molecules to newly created ATP molecules? - mitochondria The body's main source of energy is _____________ and should be the major part of total daily food intake. - carbohydrates To be considered an essential nutrient, a substance must have all these characteristics except... (a) it has a specific biological function. (b) removal from the diet leads to a decline in human biological function. (c) return of the omitted substance to the diet if done before permanent damage occurs, restores normal biological function impaired by its absence. (d) it is made in abundance by the body. (e) none of the above. - (d) it is made in abundance by the body. Nutrient dense refers to foods that - provide more nutrients relative to calories Several ways we use energy include (a) basal metabolism (b) thermic effect of food (c) physical activity (d) non-exercise activity thermogenesis (e) all of the above - (e) all of the above Fiber is primarily made of - carbohydratesAn antioxidant, such as vitamin C, can donate electrons to higher reactive compounds. The loss of electrons is - oxidation Which of the following are true about enzymes? (a) Enzymes are biological catalysts. (b) Enzymes lower the activation energy for a reaction. (c) Enzymes are very specific in their action. (d) Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction. (e) All the above - (e) All the above An investigator plans to test a hypothesis. She designs and performs experiments to test that hypothesis. Her studies can be considered (a) cohort studies (b) prospective studies (c) retrospective studies (d) case-control studies (e) observational studies - (b) prospective studies When going from an ordered state to a disordered state, - energy is released What are the functions of water in our body? (a) Modulates body temperature (b) Works as a solvent (c) transport fat-soluble substances (d) a and b (e) all of the above - (d) a and b Which of the following statements is true regarding body fluid? (a) More than half of the body weight comes from the weight of water.(b) 1/3 of the fluid is intracellular, which is located within the cell. (c) 2/3 of the fluid is extracellular, which is located between cells, or inside blood vessels and lymph. (d) The amount of extracellular fluid influences the structure of a cell (cell bursts or collapses). (e) The amount of body fluid does not affect the blood pressure. - (a) More than half of the body weight comes from the weight of water. What is the caloric equivalent of heat? - 1 kcal increases the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celsius What is a problem with Bomb Calorimetry? - It does not take into account how efficiently our bodies use food. You are in the jungle and just got bit by a venomous snake. You have an antidote that works on dogs at a specific dose. Because it is an emergency you decide to take the drug. You want to base your dosage on an estimate of your metabolic body size. This means your dose would be based on... - Your weight to the 3/4 power. A technique that measure inspired and expired gas flows, volumes and concentrations of O2 and CO2, allowing for measurement of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production is called - indirect calorimetry In the process of digestion and assimilation, energy is lost from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. For which of these nutrients is the difference between the gross energy and the metabolizable energy the greatest and why? - protein, because energy is used to process the nitrogen Which factor(s) does not result in an increase in the loss of water from the body? (a) illness such as vomit and diarrhea (b) consumption of alcohol (c) consumption of a diet that has no salts (d) drinking hot tea on a hot day (e) all of the above - (c) consumption of a diet that has no salts