BIOD 171 ESSENTIAL MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 183 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS /BIOD 171 ESSENTIAL MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM (PORTAGE LEARNING)GRADED A

What various functions do proteins have in a cell Proteins may facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell. Some can act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes. Others play a structural role while other proteins, such as filaments, enable movement. What are the main morphologies of bacteria? Bacteria can be described as coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) spirillum (spiral/corkscrew). What are the 4 main classifications of Eukarya Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or Protista What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know the roles of each. Ribosomes (protein synthesis) ER (site of protein synthesis) Golgi (protein modification and distribution) lysosomes (waste disposal), mitochondria (ATP generation) chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis). True or False: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions. False. Enzymes are proteins What are usually metal ions known to assists enzyme during the catalysis reaction? Cofactors Define catabolism the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms, release of energy Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of the cell? The anabolic process would be active as it is involved in the building up of small complexes into larger complexes. Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ATP and ADP. ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate while ADP can accept energy in the form of a phosphate group. Thus, ATP can be reduced (ATP →ADP + Pi) while ADP can be built into ATP (ADP + Pi →ATP). An organism that derives its energy (generates ATP) from photons of light is called a _________ Phototrophic microorganism. An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be classified as a __________? Lithotroph A reactive intermediate would be present in which phosphorylation process? The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the phosphorylated reactive intermediate. What is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle? NADH and FADH2 True or False. The reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron transport system. False. True or False. The β-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids. True The process of carbon fixation begins with which of the following reactants: select all that apply. A. ATP B. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate C. CO2 D. NADPH E. H2O A, C, D, and E. Carbon fixation uses the ATP/NADPH produced during light reactions to convert CO2 and H2O into useful sources of energy (carbohydrates). What is one of the main functions of light reactions? Similar to the electron transport chain, one of its main functions is to generate a proton concentration gradient to generate ATP. True or False: Dark reactions can occur in the presence or absence of light. True. How many turns (or repititions) of the Calvin Cycle are required to generate one molecule of glucose? 6 Complete the following equation by placing the appropriate numbers where indicated. __CO2 + __ATP + __NADPH + __H20 → __C6H12O6 + __ADP + __NADP+ 6 CO2 + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H20 → C6H12O6 + 18 ADP + 12 NADP+ Match the following reactions to its corresponding enzyme: 1. A + B → A-B 2. A-B → A + B 3. A- + B →A + B4. Ab + C → A + Cb A- Lyases B- Transferases