NSC Exam Questions and Answers

NSC Exam Questions and Answers Carb function in the body - ANSWERS Main energy source Glycemic Index - ANSWERS ranking foods based on the relative blood glucose response observed after ingesting them. High glucose response= high glycemic index low glucose response= low glycemic index. Monosaccharides - ANSWERS glucose, fructose, galactose Disaccharides - ANSWERS sucrose, lactose, maltose Polysaccharides - ANSWERS thousands of molecules bound together-starch, glycogen, fiber Soluble Fiber - ANSWERS dissolves or swells in water, weight management (feeling full= satiety), lowering cholesterol, and helps control blood sugar levels Foods-citrus, apples, bananas, oats, beans Insoluble Fiber - ANSWERS does not dissolve, helps GI health, prebiotic, protection against colon cancer Foods-whole grain, wheat bran, rice, veggies Insulin - ANSWERS hormone secreted by the pancreas in order to unlock cells to allow glucose in, lowering glucose levels. It is secreted when blood glucose levels are too high, above 99 Glucagon - ANSWERS hormone secreted at the opposite time of insulin in order to raise glucose levels. It is released when glucose levels are too low, releasing glucose from the liver into the bloodstream Type I Diabetes - ANSWERS pancreas can no longer produce insulin Type II Diabetes - ANSWERS cells develop a resistance to insulin Gluten - ANSWERS insoluble protein composite // wheat, rye, and barley-responsible for the elastic consistency of dough Celiac Disease - ANSWERS inherited disease // immune system attacks small intestine when gluten is ingested Normal Fasting Blood Glucose Levels - ANSWERS normal 70-99 mg/dl, prediabetes 100-125 mg/dl, diabetes greater than 126 Probiotic Vs. Prebiotic - ANSWERS probiotic (yogurt) are healthy bacteria that aid the GI tract to move everything along, where prebiotics (honey) are mainly fibers that feed the probiotic bacteria Lactose Intolerance - ANSWERS lack of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose into a monosaccharide in order to be absorbed. Since it is not broken down, it is metabolized by the large intestine, causing pain, gas, bloating, and discomfort HDL vs. LDL - ANSWERS High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-good, more protein, removes cholesterol, want levels above 60 Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-bad, more cholesterol by dropping it off, delivers to your cells Saturated Fat - ANSWERS single bonds // bagels, milkshakes, cream cheese Monounsaturated Fats (MUFA) - ANSWERS one double bond // nuts, avocados, vegetable oils Polyunsaturated Fats (PUFA) - ANSWERS more than one double bond // plant and animal foods- salmon, vegetable oils Omega 3 - ANSWERS Linolenic, double bond after the 3rd carbon, helps prevent cardiovascular disease// canola oil, soybean oil, salmon Omega 6 - ANSWERS Linoleic, double bond after 6th carbon, good for epithelial cell function and gene expression // soybean oil, meat, sunflower oil EPA - ANSWERS decrease inflammation// seafood, especially sal