CMSRN Exam Study Guide | 2024 Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Verified

CMSRN Exam Study Guide | 2024 Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Verified what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to decreased serum sodium concentration? - dilutional hypotnatremia symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - edema, confusion, weight gain treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - fluid restriction what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - true hyponatremia symptoms of true hyponatremia - dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia treatment of true hyponatremia - replace sodium AND water (NS or LR) causes of true hyponatremia - burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without loss of sodium? - hypernatremia causes of hypernatremia - fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF symptoms of hypernatremia - dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria treatment of hypernatremia - decrease sodium, replace fluids which electrolyte does sodium work with? - chloride - works to maintain acid/base balance which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? - renal what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? - PH, insulin, calcium causes of hyperkalemia - cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis symptoms of hyperkalemia - irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive bowels, bladder treatment of hyperkalemia - limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose and insulin, dialysis what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? - hyperkalemia what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - potassium causes of hypokalemia - vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns, potassium wasting diuretics symptoms of hypokalemia - muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation, alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest treatment for hypokalemia - potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels normal calcium level - 9-10.5 where is calcium stored? - bones what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - Vitamin D what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - phosphorous which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - hypocalcemia causes for hypercalcemia - cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor symptoms of hypercalcemia - sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones treatment for hypercalcemia - decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics, phosphate administration causes of hypocalcemia - decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy symptoms of hypocalcemia - chvosteks, trousseaus,