NR507/ NR 507 Final Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain

NR507/ NR 507 Final Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain Q: Ketogenic diet Produces energy other than glucose to be used by the brain Q: Nerve stimulation Answer: Controls the seizure by influencing neurotransmitter release Q: An individual having a focal seizure without dyscognitive features will _______ Answer: have no impairment of consciousness Q: Febrile seizures most often ___________ medication as they ___________. Answer: do not need, resolve on their own. Q: Tonic-clonic phase results in: Answer: 1. The muscles of the body become contracted. without any relaxation. 2. Loss of consciousness. 3. Ictal cry. This is a typical sound produced by the tonic contractions of the laryngeal muscles and muscles of expiration. 4. Respiratory impairment that results in cyanosis. 5. Tonic contraction of the jaw muscles that can cause tongue biting. 6. Increased sympathetic activity. This will cause increased heart rate and blood pressure Q: Tonic-clonic phase lasts __________ Answer: 10-20 seconds Q: Tonic-clonic phase is due to __________________ Answer: the excessive discharge of neurons in the motor nerves Q: Underlying cause of BPH Answer: 5delta-reductace activity increases with age -increases dihydrotestosterone levels -normal prostate cells respond to the increase in dihydrotestosterone levels by living longer and multiplying Q: acute kidney injury/acute renal failure Answer: sudden loss of kidney function Reversible S/S: -oliguria (<30mL/hr) -increased BUN & creatinine -fluid & electrolyte abnormalities Q: Prerenal Answer: Most common type of Acute Renal Failure Sudden & severe drop in BP (shock) or interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from severe injury or illness -causes: hypotension, decreased CO, decreased blood volume Q: Intrarenal (intrinsic) Answer: Direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or decreased blood supply. -Causes: acute tubular necrosis (ATN), acute glomerulonephritis, and other glomerulopathies Q: Postrenal Answer: Sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumors, or injury. Q: Prerenal labs Answer: -increased creatinine -increased BUN -increased BUN/creatinine ratio 20:1 -concentrated urine (high osmolarity) Q: Intrinsic renal failure labs Answer: -increased creatining -increased BUN -BUN/creatinine ratio <15:1 -dilute urine Q: Best way to differentiate between prerenal and intrinsic renal failure Answer: BUN/creatinine ratio Q: Most common damage to the kidneys in intrinsic (intrinsic) renal disease is ___________ Answer: tubular (85%) others are: glomerular (5%) interstitial (8%) vascular (<2%) Q: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Progressive loss of renal function that can develop as a complication of unresolved AKI or systemic diseases, including HTN, DM (most significant risk factor), SLE or intrinsic kidney disease.