Chem 142 UW Exam 1 All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution

The atom - Consists of a small nucleus with a positive charge containing most of the weight. Has an electron cloud with mostly empty space but some electrons as well Protons - The chemical identity of the element Electrons - Ionic character of atom Neutrons - Isotopic character of the atom Atomic number (Above element on PT) represents... - Number of protons Mass number represents... - Sum of protons and neutrons Atomic mass (Under element on PT) represents... - An average of the atomic masses of common isotopes Isotope - An elements with the same number of protons but different neurons and therefore different atomic masses (12^C, 13^C, 14^C) Anions _____ electrons, giving them a ____ charge - Gain, Negative Cations _____ electrons, giving them a _____ charge - Lose, Positive T or F? Chemical reactions do not change elements - True, except with nuclear reactions T or F? Atoms of each element have the same number of protons - True. Isotopes of an element have a different amount of neutronsProperties of a Metal (4 total) - 1) Conduct heat/electricity 2) Malleable 3) Ductile 4) Tend to lose electrons (+ charge) Properties of Nonmetals (3 total) - 1) Dull/brittle 2)Nonconductor 3) Gain electrons (-charge) Properties of Semimetals - Have properties of both nonmetals and metals Groups move.... - across the periodic table Periods move... - up and down the periodic table Group 1A - Alkaline metals Group 2A - Alkaline Earth Metals Group 7A - Halogens (nonmetal) Group 8A - Noble Gases (nonmetal) Transition metals have multiple types of _____ - cations Main types of bonds that can be formed - Ionic (transfer of e-) and covalent (sharing e-) Molecule formation occurs in an attempt to... - complete an octet for both atoms Chemical bonds - Hold atoms or ions together in a compoundIonic compounds - The result of an electron transfer. Consists of a network of anions & cations with an overall charge of 0 Colors of the visible spectrum and range they're in? - ROYGIBIV: Red (700nm), orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet(400nm). Order of electromagnetic spectrum (low to high wavelength) - y rays, x rays, ultra violet, visible spectrum, infrared, microwaves, radio waves, long radio waves.