UW Biol 118 Exam 5 Questions & Answers Already Graded A+

3 major functions of the urinary system - Answer-excretion; elimination; homeostatic regulation major functions of urinary system: What is excretion? What is elimination? Which is most important? - Answer-kidneys filter waste products; urinating; homeostatic regulation What empties into the urethra? - Answer-urinary bladder What does renal mean? - Answer-Of or pertaining to kidneys In tubes, bladder fills ____ - Answer-bottom-up Kidney held in place by ____ - Answer-fat Internal urethral sphincter is ____ and under ____. - Answer-smooth muscle; auto rhythmic control Have control over ____ unless ____. - Answer-external urethral sphincter; incontinent Openings from ureters into bladder act as ____ that normally ____. - Answer-one-way valves; stop back flow as bladder fills up Bladder has thick walls made of ____. Also called ____. - Answer-smooth muscle tissue; detrusor muscle External urethral sphincter is made of ____ - Answer-skeletal muscle The urethra in females is only ____ - Answer-1 to 2 inches longFemales are more likely to ____ - Answer-get a UTI What is urinary incontinence? - Answer-can't control external urethral sphincter (sometimes problem with internal) Who is more likely to suffer from incontinence? (4) - Answer-little ones; old people; pregnant women; anyone who's had a kid 1-3% of kids have ____ - Answer-urinary reflux In urinary reflux, ureter doesn't ____ to be ____ when ____. So urine ____. - Answer-travel through enough of bladder wall; compressed; bladder fills with urine; goes back in What is urinary reflux? - Answer-back up or back flow of urine into kidney, could be a problem with valves Urinary reflux can be ____ or cause ____ or ____. - Answer-fatal; hypertension; infection What is the function of the mucus-covered, transitional epithelium? - Answer-bladder can stretch to fill with more urine A child with defective ____ valve may have urinary reflux, possibly leading to ____ damage. - Answerureter; kidney Ureter undergoes ____ every ____ - Answer-peristalsis; 30 seconds What muscles contract or relax during urination? - Answer-bladder contracts and sphincters relax You get the urge to pee at ____ - Answer-about 200 mL of urine____ is the largest nitrogenous waste molecule. In addition to wastes, the kidneys also aid our ____. - Answer-uric acid; pH balance What does sympathetic stimulation do to urination? (2) - Answer-inhibits bladder; internal sphincter contracts What does somatic motor stimulation do to urination? - Answer-external sphincter contracts ____ and ____ go together - Answer-sympathetic stimulation; somatic motor stimulation What does parasympathetic stimulation do to urination? (2) - Answer-bladder contracts; internal sphincter relaxes Regarding urination, when the parasympathetic system is stimulated ____ and ____ systems are inhibited. - Answer-sympathetic; somatic Sympathetic stimulation causes ____ - Answer-the inability to urinate despite trying in a bathroom with others in it Why do we urinate when we're scared? - Answer-limbic system overrides ANS, shocking the system 5 major functions of the kidney - Answer-remove toxic nitrogenous wastes; regulate BP and water balance; regulate plasma pH because can eliminate ions; regulate numerous minerals like Na+, K+, Ca2+; produce EPO to regulate RBC production 3 major nitrogenous wastes - Answer-ammonia; uric acid; urea 3 characteristics of ammonia - Answer-water soluble; protein catabolism; most toxic 3 characteristics of uric acid - Answer-large molecule; nucleic acid catabolism; takes energy to make but efficient way to eliminate nitrogen because it has 4