Barron's APUSH Exam Guide with 100% Correct Answers |LATEST|

Barron's APUSH Exam Guide with 100% Correct Answers |LATEST| Christopher Columbus *Ans* *Italian-born navigator who found fame when he landed in the Americas(Oct. 12, 1492) *Set sail on behalf of Spain with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and his flagship, the Santa Maria *Originally, he sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean to find a water route to Asia *Columbus was convinced that he had found the waterway that he sought and that the Americas were actually an extension of China *Returned from his expedition with gold, encouraging further exploration Amerigo Vespucci *Ans* *Italian member of a Portuguese expedition *Explored South America *Discovery suggested that the expedition had found a "New World" *After an account of Vespucci's 1497 expedition was published, a cartographer mistakenly thought that Vespucci had led the expedition and had landed in the New World before Christopher Columbus; the cartographer named the continent America Treaty of Tordesillas *Ans* 1493 *Commitment between Spain and Portugal *Created a Papal Line of Demarcation, which divided the New World: east of the line for Portugal and west of it for Spain *Portugal also received the easternmost part of what is currently Brazil, when it "discovered" the land in 1500 *Later, the Papal Line affected colonization in Africa and Asia New Spain *Ans* 1400s and 1500s *Spain tightly controlled empire in the New World *Mainly located in North and Central America, including the Caribbean and Spanish East Indies *To deal with labor shortages, the Spaniards developed a system of large manors (ecomiendas) using Native American slaves under conquistadors *With the death of Native American slaves, Spaniards began importing African slaves to supply their labor needs Mercantilism *Ans* 1500s-1700s *Prevailing economic philosophy of the 1600s that held colonies existed to serve the mother country *Founded on the belief that the world's wealth was sharply limited and, therefore, one nation's gain was another nation's loss *Each nation's goal was to export more than it imported in a favorable balance of trade; the difference would be made up in their possession of gold and silver, which would make the nation strong both economically and militarily