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LJU4804 PORTFOLIO ANSWERS( FOOTNOTES AND BLIBLIOGRAPHY PROVIDED) , Due date: 17 MAY 2024

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LJU4804 PORTFOLIO ANSWERS( FOOTNOTES AND BLIBLIOGRAPHY PROVIDED) , Due date: 17 MAY 2024 QUESTION 1 Instructions: Read the set of facts below and answer the questions that follow. Mr Sibanda and his first wife, Jane, obtained a divorce order in the Caymen Islands in 1998 while Jane was domiciled there. Mr and Mrs Mary Sibanda got married in December 2000 while on vacation in Zanzibar. They executed an ante-nuptial contract excluding all forms of community of property and of profit and loss. At the time of entering into the marriage, Mr and Mrs Mary Sibanda were both Malawian citizens, whilst Mr Sibanda was working and residing in London, England, on a two-year fixed term contract, with the prospect of a further renewal. LJU4804 MAY JUNE 2024 3 However, shortly after returning from their honeymoon, Mr and Mrs Mary Sibanda immigrated to South Africa and established a domicile in Johannesburg. Three children were born from the marriage and Mrs Mary Sibanda stayed at home to look after them, since Mr Sibanda travelled extensively as the CEO of a large retail company. In October 2018, Mrs Mary Sibanda instituted divorce proceedings against Mr Sibanda in the South Gauteng High Court, Johannesburg. 1.1 Which legal system applies to the material validity of Mr and Mrs Sibanda’s marriage in terms of the South African rules of private international law? (2) 1.2 Explain what the doctrine of fraus legis entails and how it impacts on the legal system applicable to the material validity of a marriage. (5) 1.3 Where was Mr Sibanda domiciled at the time of entering into the marriage with Mary according to the relevant principes of South African law? (4) 1.4 Assume for purposes of this question that Mr Sibanda was domiciled in England at the time of entering into the marriage. Would Mrs Sibanda be successful in obtaining a redistribution order in terms of s 7(3) of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 if the dictum in Esterhuizen v Esterhuizen 1999 (1) SA 492 (W) were followed? Note: your answer must include a full case discussion of this case, properly referenced and not taken from the study guide. (10) 1.5 Mr Sibanda’s legal team is considering the argument that his marriage to Mary was not valid, since his divorce from Jane may not be recognised under South African law. Advise his legal team on the chances of success of this argument considering the relevant provisions of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979. (3) 1.6 Mrs Mary Sibanda executed a will in England in which she granted a power of appointment of a final beneficiary to Mr Sibanda. At the time of execution of the will, she was domiciled in South Africa and a Malawian citizen. Mr Sibanda executed the power of appointment in a will drafted in South Africa. At the time of its execution, he was also domiciled in South Africa. Mrs Mary Sibanda’s will was formally valid in terms of English, South African and Malawian law. Mr Sibanda’s will was formally invalid in terms of all its primary testing systems, but indeed formally valid in terms of English law. Is the execution of the power of appointment formally valid in terms of the Wills Act 7 of 1953? Discuss. (5) 1.7 In 2019, Mr Sibanda tragically died in a motor vehicle accident while on a business trip in Namibia. At the time of his death, he was still domiciled in Johannesburg and a Malawian citizen. The accident was caused by a negligent truck driver employed by a multinational courier company with depots in all the SADC countries. The lawyers representing Mr LJU4804 MAY JUNE 2024 4 Sibanda’s heirs plan to sue the truck company on the basis of delict. If the action is instituted in the South Gauteng High Court, which legal system will be applied to the matter? (6) [35] QUESTION 2 Instructions: Read the statements below and provide a properly referenced essay-answer. Make use of numbered headings and sub-headings and provide footnote references for every statement made. On 9 April 2024, the Arbitration Foundation of Southern Africa (AFSA) and representatives of the ministries of Justice of ten SADC countries signed the AFSA SADC Alliance Charter which aims to harmonise the rules pertaining to the regulation of international arbitration within this economic bloc. The South African International Arbitration Act 15 of 2017 represents best practice in respect of the provisions governing the procedural aspects of international arbitrations as well as in respect of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and may provide valuable insights for the regional integration of international arbitration rules. Discuss these statements in detail. [25] QUESTION 3 Instructions: Read the set of facts and answer the questions that follow. Knit (Pty) Ltd is a South African company with its principal place of business in Rosslyn (Pretoria). Wool (Pty) Ltd is a company incorporated in terms of the laws of Lesotho with its principal place of business in Maseru. In January 2022, Knit purchased a large consignment of wool for purposes of manufacturing knitwear for various South African clothing retailers. Payment had to take place by means of a confirmed letter of credit issued by RMB (Johannesburg) and confirmed by Nedbank Lesotho (Maseru). The contract was concluded by the managing directors of the companies at Wool’s factory in Maseru. The contract included a choice of law clause indicating the law of Lesotho (a CISG contracting state) as the proper law of the contract. Upon receiving a consignment of wool in October 2022, Knit gave notice to Wool that it does not comply with the standard agreed upon in the contract. Knit sent a letter of demand to Wool, indicating that the goods do not conform to the contract and requesting specific performance LJU4804 MAY JUNE 2024 5 of the wool as per the contract specifications. Wool did not respond. Knit instituted action against Wool in the Lesotho High Court. 3.1 Is Knit entitled to claim specific performance in terms of the provisions of the CISG? Explain the relevant provisions. (5) 3.2 How does a confirmed letter of credit operate? Provide an analysis with reference to your prescribed reading material by Van Niekerk and Schulze. (5) 3.3 Advise Knit on their chances of success with their argument of non-conformity of goods in light of the applicable law.

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LML4805 PORTFOLIO DUE 17
MAY 2024




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,QUESTION 1

1.1. Which legal system applies to the material validity of Mr and
Mrs Sibanda’s marriage in terms of the South African rules
of private international law? (2)

In terms of South African rules of private international law, the material validity of Mr
and Mrs Sibanda's marriage would be governed by the lex loci celebrationis which
means the law of the place where the marriage was celebrated. 1 Since they got
married in Zanzibar, the material validity of their marriage would be determined by
the laws of Zanzibar.



1.2. Explain what the doctrine of fraus legis entails and how it impacts on
the legal system applicable to the material validity of a marriage. (5)
The doctrine of fraus legis, also known as the doctrine of the abuse of legal rights,
entails that a person cannot rely on the strict letter of the law to achieve an outcome
that is contrary to the true intentions or spirit of the law. 2 It essentially prevents
individuals from using legal mechanisms to circumvent the purpose or policy behind
a particular law. Fraus legis requires at least one party to be domiciled within the
court's jurisdiction at the date of marriage, have married elsewhere to avoid the
provisions of the lex fori, and have had evasive intent.3

According to the doctrine of fraus legis, if it is proven that the parties to a marriage
intentionally celebrated their marriage in a different location to avoid the requirement
of parental consent, they are considered to have acted in fraudem legis4. As a result,
the validity of their marriage will be determined by the local law of their domicile,
known as the lex domicilii.

The Kassim decision ruled that a minor's marriage must have the consent of her
legal guardians for it to be valid. The court reiterated that if parents refuse to give
consent, the marriage between Kassim and Ghumran is invalid 5. If the application of

1
Ngqobela v Sihele (10 SC 346) 1893, 354.
2
Dadoo v Krugersdorp Municipal Council 1920 AD 530.
3
Page 69 of the study guide
4
Kassim v Ghumran and Another 1981 Zimbabwe LR 227.
5
Page 69 of the study guide

, lex loci celebration is conflicts with public policy principles, the forum will not
recognize the law of the place of celebration.

In the case of Mr. and Mrs. Sibanda, if they entered into their marriage in Zanzibar
with the intention of circumventing the stricter requirements of marriage in their home
jurisdiction of Malawi or in South Africa, the doctrine of fraus legis could potentially
impact the determination of the material validity of their marriage.

1.3. Where was Mr Sibanda domiciled at the time of entering into the
marriage with Mary according to the relevant principes of South African
law? (4)
The Domicile Act does not define domicile, but Mason v Mason (1885) 4 EDC 330
provides a good description, stating that domicile refers to the place or country
considered a person's permanent home by law. 6 Section 1(1) of the Act allows
individuals over 18 years old and minors under 18 to acquire a domicile of choice,
regardless of sex or marital status. 7 Section 1(2) of the Act outlines the criteria for
establishing a domicile of choice, which a person can acquire when they are legally
present in a specific location and intend to stay there for an indefinite period. 8

At the time of entering into the marriage with Mary, Mr. Sibanda was working and
residing in London, England, on a two-year fixed-term contract. However, there is no
indication that Mr. Sibanda had taken any steps to establish a domicile of choice in
England. Domicile, in South African law, is typically determined by an individual's
permanent home or the place where they have their most substantial connections,
including their intention to reside there indefinitely.

Given that Mr. Sibanda did not seem to have an intention to remain in England
indefinitely and the fact that his first wife, Jane, was domiciled in the Cayman Islands
during their divorce, it is reasonable to infer that Mr. Sibanda's domicile remained in
his home country, Malawi, at the time of his marriage to Mary. Therefore, according
to the relevant principles of South African law, Mr. Sibanda was domiciled in Malawi
at the time of entering into the marriage with Mary.

1.4. Assume for purposes of this question that Mr Sibanda was domiciled in
England at the time of entering into the marriage. Would Mrs Sibanda be
successful in obtaining a redistribution order in terms of s 7(3) of the

6
Study page 61
7
Section 1(1) of Domicile Act 3 of 1992
8
Section 1(2) of Domicile Act 3 of 1992
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