Clinical Psychology (EPPP) Questions And Answers | Updated Quiz | 100% Correct Answers

Clinical Psychology - Answer-- the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological and behavioral disorders Assumptions of Psychodynamic Therapies - Answer-- human behavior is motivated by unconscious processes - early development has a profound effect on adult functioning - universal principles explain personality development and behavior - insight into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy Freudian Psychoanalysis - Answer-- human beings are determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, biological and instinctual needs and drives, and psychosexual events that occur during the first five years of life Freud's Personality Theory - Answer-- composed of two theories: structural (drive) theory and developmental theory Structural Theory (Freud) - Answer-- the personality is composed of three structures: the id, ego, and superego Id - Answer-- present at birth and consists of the person's life and death instincts - operates on pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its instinctual drives in order to avoid tension Ego - Answer-- develops at six months of age - operates ont eh reality principle that defers gratifcation until an appropriate object is available in reality and employs thinking - mediates conflicting demands of pleasure and reality Superego - Answer-- develops between four and five years- represents an internalization of society's values and standards - attempts to permanently block socially unacceptable drives Developmental Theory (Freud) - Answer-- emphasizes the sexual drives of the id and proposes that an individual's personality is formed during childhood as a result of certain experiences during psychosexual stages of development - over or undergratification of a person's sexual needs during a stage is associated with different personality outcomes Oral Stage - Answer-- Freud's first stage of personality development, from birth to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center. Anal Stage - Answer-- Freud's second stage of psychosexual development where the primary sexual focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is often thought of as representing a child's ability to control his or her own world. Phallic Stage - Answer-- Freud's third stage of personality development, from about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals. Latency Stage - Answer-- Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual development where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and children focus on identifying with their same sex parent and interact with same sex peers. Genital Stage - Answer-- Freud's last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence). Defense Mechanisms - Answer-- occur when the ego is unable to ward off danger through rational, realistic means - these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality (danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict between the id and the superego)Repression - Answer-- defense mechanism in which id's drives are excluded from conscious awareness by maintaining them in the unconscious Reaction Formation - Answer-- defense mechanism in which one avoids an anxiety evoking instict by doing the opposite View of Psychopathology (Freudian) - Answer-- maladaptive behavior results from an unconscious, unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood Psychoanalytic Therapy - Answer-- goal is to reduce symptoms by bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material into the personality - use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront, clarify, interpret, and work through Free Associations - Answer-- a method in psychotherapy where a patient is encouraged to sit back, relax, free his/her mind, refrain from trying to be logical, and report every image or idea that enters his/her awareness, usually in response to some word or picture that the therapist provides as an initial stimulus Psychic Determinism - Answer-- belief that all behaviors are meaningful and serve some psychological function - ex slips of tongue (parapraxes) are expressions of unconscious motives Psychoanalytic Therapy: Confrontation - Answer-- making statements that help the client see her behavior in a new way Psychoanalytic Therapy: Clarification - Answer-- restating the client's remarks and feelings in clearer terms Psychoanalytic Therapy: Interpretation - Answer-- more explicitly connecting current behavior to unconscious processes - more effective when they address motives and conflicts that are close to consciousnessPsychoanalytic Therapy: Working Through - Answer-- following cathartic release of recalling unconscious materials that contribute to behavior, client gradually assimilates new insights into his personality - longest stage of therapy Transference - Answer-- patient's response to the therapist's actual behavior and attempt to imbue that behavior with personal meaning Countertransference - Answer-- not just the therapist's distorted response to the patient, but a potential source of information about the patient and contributor to the curative process Assumptions of Alder's Individual Psychology - Answer-- disagreed with emphasis on role of unconscious instinctual forces - states all behavior is goal directed and purposeful - behavior is largely motivated by a person's future goals rather than past events Alder's Individual Psychology: Inferiority - Answer-- develops during childhood as the result of real or percieved biological, psychological, or social weakness Alder's Individual Psychology: Superiority - Answer-- inherent tendency to stive toward "perfect completion" Alder's Individual Psychology: Style of Life - Answer-- the ways a person chooses to compensate for inferiority and achieve superiority determine this and impact a person's personality - impacted by early experiences, such as family context Healthy Style of Life(Alder) - Answer-- life is marked by goals that reflect optimism and confidence and contributing to welfare of others Unhealthy (Mistaken) Style of Life (Alder) - Answer-- life is characterized by self-centeredness, competativeness, and striving for personal power View of Pychopathology (Alder) - Answer-- metal disorders are characterized by maladaptive attempts to compensate for feelings of inferiority, a preoccupation with achieving personal power, and a lack of social interest Alderian Therapy - Answer-- therapy tries to understand patient's style of life and reorient patient to a more adaptive life style - uses lifestyle investigation to learn information about patient's family constellation, hidden goals, and basic mistakes (distorted beliefs and attitudes) Libido - Answer-- general psychic energy Assumptions of Jung's Analytical Psychotherapy - Answer-- behavior is determined not only by past events but also by future goals and aspirations - personality is the consequence of both conscious and unconscious factors - personality consists of two attitudes (extraversion and introversion) and four psychological functions (thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting) - personality develops throughout life