Psych 105 Exam 1 PSU Questions And Answers With Verified Study Solutions

# of people with a BA in psych - Answer-3.4 million # of people with a Ph D or Psy D in psych - Answer-207,000 # of divisions in the APA - Answer-56 3 elements that define science - Answer-systematic empiricism, production of public knowledge, examination of solvable problems systematic empiricism - Answer-structured observation which is theory driven and used to test hypotheses production of public knowledge - Answer-scientific findings are submitted to the scientific community for scrutiny, they are peer reviewed, and other scientists replicate and expand on them early psychology-related practice - Answer-took place in America in the 1800s and early 1900s without licensing or certification; anyone could offer "psychological" services definition of profession - Answer-an occupation requiring training and specialized study characteristics of a profession - Answer-specialized education, exchange of information, accepted standards of practice, government certification and/or licensing laws charlatan - Answer-a person who makes elaborate and fraudulent claims to skill or knowledge pseudoscience - Answer-a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific methodpsychology's occult doubles - Answer-phrenology, physiognomy, mesmerism, spiritualism, mental healing Franz Joseph Gall (German physician and anatomist) - Answer-created phrenology, but never approved of the term (called it organology) phrenology - Answer-pseudoscience which argues that different parts of the brain are responsible for emotional, intellectual, and behavioral functions phrenology technique - Answer-measuring bumps and indentations on the skull to assess talents or defects Johann Spurzheim - Answer-further popularized phrenology and established that there "are" 21 emotional and 14 intellectual faculties (35 total) Brothers Orson & Lorenzo Fowler - Answer-opened phrenology clinics in NY, Boston, and Philly in the late 1830s; franchised their business, trained phrenologists and provided phrenology supplies Efforts to increase phrenology's respectability - Answer-published a magazine filled with articles and testimonials of phrenology's "scientific legitimacy" 70 - Answer-years phrenology remained popular Lake Wobegon Effect - Answer-"everyone is above average"; phrenologists told clients what they wanted to hear physiognomy - Answer-a system of judging a person's character from facial features Johann Lavater - Answer-Swiss theologian who promoted physiognomy during the late 1700s into the early 1800s; created Essays on Physiognomy (which contains 800 illustrations) principles of physiognomy - Answer-eyes, nose, face, and chin are indicators of intelligence, morality, zed physiognomy - Answer-American businesses for hiring and promoting employees criminal physiognomy - Answer-pseudoscience which claimed criminals have distinct facial features that can be measured via physiognomy Cesare Lombroso - Answer-Italian criminologist who held the belief of criminal physiognomy characteristics of criminal physiognomy - Answer-short, large head and large pointy ears, small brain, and bushy eyebrows Franz Anton Mesmer - Answer-Austrian physician; popularized mesmerism in order to cure patients animal magnetism - Answer-a force that Mesmer believed flowed within the body and, when impeded, resulted in disease; relieved mental and physical symptoms with magnets, then eventually only his hands fall of Mesmer - Answer-critics in the medical community accused him of being a fraud; King Louis XVI's Blue Ribbon Commission spiritualism - Answer-Belief that the dead communicate with the living through a medium The Fox Sisters - Answer-claimed to have contact with the spirit of a dead person; kicked off growth of spiritualism in America in 1849 Phineas Parkhurst Quimby - Answer-founded the mental healing "mind-cure" movement mental healing - Answer-The belief that many diseases are wholly mental and that other diseases are exacerbated by mental conditions; cures lie within the mind mental powers of individuals William Wundt - Answer-Conducted first psychology experiments in first psych laboratory (University of Leipzig); father of modern psychoogyWundt's Lab - Answer-focused on: 1) sensation and perception 2) speed of mental operation 3) perception of time consulting psychologists - Answer-psychologists who worked outside academia 1921 - Answer-APA unsuccessfully attempted to certify consulting psychologists ACP (Association of Consulting Psychologists) - Answer-created in 1930 because APA started out as purely academic G. Stanley Hall - Answer-american psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association (first president) Mary Whiton Calkins - Answer-First female president of the APA (14th); earned Harvard Ph.D Margaret Floy Washburn - Answer-first woman to earn an doctoral degree in psych, never married so she could continue to teach at Vassar College; 30th president of the APA Fact - Answer-Clinical psychology is the largest and fastest growing subfield of psychology Philippe Pinel - Answer-French physician who worked to reform the treatment of people with mental disorder; moral therapy/moral treatment Lightner Witmer - Answer-student of Wundt and founder of clinical psychology founded first psychological clinic in the US at UPenn; studied children with poor academicsLeta Stetter Hollingworth - Answer-One of the first psychologists to focus on child development and on women's issues; refuted the Myth of Meritocracy King Louis' Blue Ribbon Commission - Answer-Report stated no animal magnetic fluids exisited & there was no healing; despite this, many patients reported feeling spiritually invigorated contemporary research on hypnosis - Answer-studies found that hypnosis reduced the intensity of perceived pain (lower back) EMDR - Answer-one of the therapeutic treatments which involves a hypnotic component Planned Happenstance Theory (Krumboltz) - Answer-that certain qualities allow people to capitalize and turn serendipity into opportunity (curiousity, persistence, flexibility, optimism) differences between clinical and counseling psychology - Answer-size, training, where it's housed, master student admissions, employment settings, graduate school admissions Size - Answer-clinical psychology is larger; 240 APA accredited programs vs. 71 counseling; 50% of doctorates vs. 9% departments of psychology - Answer-house clinical psychology employment settings - Answer-15% more clinical psychologists work in private practice; 10% more counseling work in college counseling centers