Psychology 105 Exam #1 Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

Psychology - Answer-the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Origins - Answer-trace back to philosophy and physiology Origins: Aristotle - Answer-wrote about dreams, memory, sleep Nature vs. Nurture - Answer-Do your genes or environment have a bigger impact on you Rene Descartes - Answer-introduced the idea of interactive dualism: mind and body work together Goals of Psychology (4): - Answer-1. Describe 2. Predict 3. Explain 4. Control/Influence Purpose of Psychology - Answer-researching for the optimization of human performance and potential Steps in Scientific Method (4): - Answer-1. Formulate a specific question that can be tested 2. Design a study to collect relevant data 3. Analyze the data to arrive at conclusions 4. Report the Results Steps in Scientific Method: Formulate a testable hypothesis - Answer-Hypothesis- a tentative statement or prediction about the relationship between two or more variables IV ad DVSteps in Scientific Method: Design the study & collect the data - Answer--select a research method to use for collecting data -establish operational definitions 5 schools of Psychology - Answer-1. Structuralism 2. Functionalism 3. Psychoanalysis 4. Behaviorism 5. Humanistic Schools of Psychology: Structuralism - Answer-Founded by: Edward Tichener -Conscious experiences --Could be identified by introspection ---limitations: unreliable method, couldnt be used to animals or children Schools of Psychology: Functionalism - Answer-Founded by: William James Studies the purpose of mental experiences Focus: how behavior functions allow people and animals to adapt to their environments --how does psych apply to education/work Schools of Psychology: Psychoanalysis - Answer-Founded: Sigmund Freud Studies the role of unconscious factors in personality and behavior --human nature is motivated by unconscious conflicts -childhood experiences=critical in formation of personality Schools of Psychology: Behaviorism - Answer-Founded by: John Watson studies observable behaviors, especially as they pertain to the process of learning --Goal: discovering the fundamental principles of learning, as well as tangible behavior--Rejected the emphasis on consciousness promoted by other schools of psych Schools of Psychology: Humanisitic - Answer-Founded by: Carl Rogers --Abraham Maslow was another advocate of humanistic psych -Studies each person unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction -Distinctively diff from psychoanalysis and behaviorism -Emphasized concious experiences, self-determination, free will, and the importance of choice Another word for Independent variable - Answer-treatment variable experimental group - Answer-the group of participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions, including the independent variable control group - Answer-the group of participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions, except the IV Double-Blind Technique - Answer-neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of the group to which the participants have been assigned Statistics - Answer--analyze the data collected and determine if the results support the hypothesis -organize, summarize, and interpret data