Major Field Test in Psychology with Complete Solutions (Rated A+)

Introspection - ANSWER-Focusing on inner sensations, images and feelings. Wundt used this approach as did James with the stream of consciousness. Behaviorists - ANSWER-John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior. Humanistic Psychology - ANSWER-Rebelled against both Behaviorism and Freudian psychology. Pioneers Carl Rogers and Maslow emphasized the importance of current environmental influences on our growth potential. Psychology - ANSWER-Science of behavior and mental processes. Nature-nurture issue - ANSWER-The controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience to the development of our traits and behaviors. Biopsychosocial approach - ANSWER-Considers the influences of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. Applied research - ANSWER-practical research- industrial organizational psychologists Hindsight bias - ANSWER-The tendency to believe after learning an outcome, that we would have foreseen it. The I knew it all along phenomenon) Overconfidence - ANSWER-Humans tend to think they know more than they do. Theory - ANSWER-An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events Hypothesis - ANSWER-Testable prediction Case study - ANSWER-Examines one individual in depth in hope of revealing things true of us all Naturalistic observation - ANSWER-Observing and recording behavior in a naturally occurring situation without trying to manipulate or control the situation Correlation - ANSWER-the extent to which two factors vary together. Positive/negative ranges from -1 to 1. Correlation does not imply causation. Experiment - ANSWER-Enable to the researcher to focus on the possible effects of one or more factors by 1) manipulating the factors of interest and 2) holding constant other factors Exp