HOW CAN CYANIDE ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY?
Cyanide can enter your body if you breathe air, eat food, or drink water that contains it. Cyanide
can enter your body through the skin, but this may occur only in people who work in
cyaniderelated industries without adequate protective gear. You can b...
A Toxicological Profile for Cyanide, Draft for Public Comment was released in September 2004. This
edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile.
Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update
status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine/Applied Toxicology Branch
1600 Clifton Road NE Mailstop
F-32
Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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FOREWORD
This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The
original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised
and republished as necessary.
The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects
information for the hazardous substance described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and
reviews the key literature that describes a hazardous substance’s toxicologic properties. Other pertinent
literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended
to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are
referenced.
The focus of the profiles is on health and toxicologic information; therefore, each toxicological profile
begins with a public health statement that describes, in nontechnical language, a substance’s relevant
toxicological properties. Following the public health statement is information concerning levels of
significant human exposure and, where known, significant health effects. The adequacy of information
to determine a substance’s health effects is described in a health effects summary. Data needs that are of
significance to protection of public health are identified by ATSDR and EPA.
Each profile includes the following:
(A) The examination, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic information and
epidemiologic evaluations on a hazardous substance to ascertain the levels of significant human
exposure for the substance and the associated acute, subacute, and chronic health effects;
(B) A determination of whether adequate information on the health effects of each substance
is available or in the process of development to determine levels of exposure that present a
significant risk to human health of acute, subacute, and chronic health effects; and
(C) Where appropriate, identification of toxicologic testing needed to identify the types or
levels of exposure that may present significant risk of adverse health effects in humans.
The principal audiences for the toxicological profiles are health professionals at the Federal, State, and
local levels; interested private sector organizations and groups; and members of the public.
This profile reflects ATSDR’s assessment of all relevant toxicologic testing and information that has
been peer-reviewed. Staff of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other Federal scientists
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have also reviewed the profile. In addition, this profile has been peer-reviewed by a nongovernmental
panel and was made available for public review. Final responsibility for the contents and views
expressed in this toxicological profile resides with ATSDR.
*Legislative Background
The toxicological profiles are developed in response to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) of 1986 (Public Law 99 499) which amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund). This public law directed ATSDR to
prepare toxicological profiles for hazardous substances most commonly found at facilities on the
CERCLA National Priorities List and that pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as
determined by ATSDR and the EPA. The availability of the revised priority list of 275 hazardous
substances was announced in the Federal Register on December 7, 2005 (70 FR 72840). For prior
versions of the list of substances, see Federal Register notices dated April 17, 1987 (52 FR 12866);
October 20, 1988 (53 FR 41280); October 26, 1989 (54 FR 43619); October 17,1990 (55 FR 42067);
October 17, 1991 (56 FR 52166); October 28, 1992 (57 FR 48801); February 28, 1994 (59 FR 9486);
April 29, 1996 (61 FR 18744); November 17, 1997 (62 FR 61332); October 21, 1999(64 FR 56792);
October 25, 2001 (66 FR 54014) and November 7, 2003 (68 FR 63098). Section 104(i)(3) of CERCLA,
as amended, directs the Administrator of ATSDR to prepare a toxicological profile for each substance on
the list.
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